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2018 - The Centenary Year of My Highschool D.C.O. Killa Pardi

To my greatest surprise, one fine morning I received a memento with my name inscribed, in the honour of outstanding academic achievements! Turned out that Pardi Education Society's trustees and event organisers (including the Vice President Hemant J. Desai) had sent this memento as part of the centenary celebrations of my high school D.C.O. (1918-2018). This award depicting the story of grand 100-year celebrations inspired me to write about my story with nostalgic emotions and the then D.C.O. High School. Killa Pardi.

It gives me great pleasure to witness the 100-year celebration of my school where I was a student (1963 to 1967), 50 years ago! So, all I wish to tell you here is a story of my experiences as a student in an era of student-teacher relationship 50 years back.

Today, I see very intelligent and smart students’ generation coming up, because of the exposure to modern technology of computers and television. In the past, we had to become cleverer and cleverer only by studying in the school, reading books by different authors and the newspapers. While comparing this, I shall narrate school experiences and history of my school – DCO – Dhanjibhai Cawasji Oomrigar High School, Killa Pardi, Gujarat, India!

I do not know much about the present, but during my study period, our school was recognised as one of the best high schools in this area with Shri R. M. Desai (Ranchhodji M. Desai) - a national award winner as the Principal. Students from distant areas of Umarsadi, Haria and Vaghchhipa used to come by bus, bicycle and many staying in the hostel.

You will be surprised to know that the beginning of teaching English as a subject was after Std. VIII. So, English alphabet and numbers were introduced after passing Std. VII. Till then, I was a student of D. S. & B. B. Model Multi-Purpose High School, Khara Abrama studying commerce (out of many streams like technical, drawing, music, agriculture, etc.) to become specialist in accounts! But the universe wanted me to become an eye-specialist instead, as it turned out. So, my father was transferred to Killa Pardi and I was admitted to D.C.O. in Std. VIII-C in the second term. By the way, I have four experiences of changing the school in the middle of the academic year, at - Parujan, Mehmedabad, Khara Abrama and Killa Pardi in Std. IV, V, VII and VIII respectively. It is difficult to adjust in the second term and this is rarely seen nowadays.

When I got the admission, two paradoxical events took place. The son of the English teacher Maganlal B. Naik died by drowning at Haria during Diwali and the Maths teacher Dolatrai D. Naik (our neighbour and relative) became the father of a son. Because his son was born on Friday (Shukravar), he was nicknamed Suku-alias-Mahesh who is 54 years now and a Managing Director of a big organisation in Vapi.


English: Maganlal B. Naik, Chandrakant D. Vaidya, D. T. Agarkar (Vice Principal) and R. M. Desai (Principal) taught me English for four years. Maganlal Naik used to ask us to pronounce the current time and all nine tenses every time he entered the classroom. One day, he asked one of the students, Vasanti Desai, to tell the tense of a sentence which happened to include the name Gopal; she replied wrongly and from that time onwards, she was asked to be known as Gopal. English grammar was taught with great attention because all the “Pathmalas” about the grammar were taught. So, I have a great base in the grammar, but poor English word-power. C. D. Vaidya was a strict, sincere and disciplined teacher of English - he had a great influence on my personality-development and as a mark of respect, I used to send “Pranam” on every “Guru Purnima” till his death. He used to reply every year with blessings and best of his wishes.

Hindi: V. J. Majmudar (our neighbour) used to teach us Hindi. I specifically remember him teaching one word "āĪ—ोāΧूāĪēि āĪŽेāĪēा" meaning 'the time when cattle returned home in the dawn spreading dust all around.' He was impressed and happy with my study. He encouraged me to participate in external Hindi examinations of Gujarat Vidyapith, Ahmedabad and Swadhyya Mandal, Killa Pardi up to stage IV. Interestingly, my twin brother Bhupat went on to do his Master's in Hindi and become a Hindi teacher.

Sanskrit: Madhusudan Joshi (from Utran) and Nandlal Joshi (Bilimora) taught me Sanskrit. Son of Nandlal Joshi Dr Mukesh Joshi is still my friend, so we had continuous contact. He was simpler, straightforward and a good teacher.

Mathematics: Dolatrai D. Naik, B. B. Champaneri and Lalbhai Desai taught us this subject. I got nearly full marks in this subject. Before the sum was dictated with details, I used to do all the calculations in my mind and give the answer orally. In S.S.C., I was the only student in the school opting the elective subject "Special Arithmetic." B. B. Champaneri was the teacher of this only student. I thought, becoming a doctor would alleviate poverty and, in the journey, the cleverness in Maths just got ignored.


Co-students (Friends): Thakarbhai D. Naik (Batuk), Vasant Desai, Pravin Mehta, Yogesh Captain and Jadav Tandel used to come from Umarsadi to study, while Jagdish Desai, Dipak A. Naik, Sita Desai, Jyoti Desai, Viru Desai and Dasharath Vashi, were from Haria, and Dipak Desai from Railway Station Killa Pardi. My other classmates were Ranjit N. N. Desai, Ranjit N. F. Desai, Ishwar Lallubhai Patel, Uttam Prajapati and Madhu Panchal, Rekha L Shah, Rekha A. Shah, Shobha Bhatt, Shroff, Girish Shah and Ketan Mapara to name a few I remember.

During the high school days, I always got the second rank in the annual exam and Rekha Shah or Pravin K. Mehta would stand first. I do not blame the teachers, but the S.S.C. results ranked me to number one position. From our batch, four students became doctors, Dr P. K. Mehta MBBS, Dr Manjula Modi MBBS, Dr Uttam Prajapati BDS and myself D.O.M.S. and M.S. (Ophthalmology).

Devvrat C. Desai is one of my closest friends of that time who continues to be so till today. We met regularly and talked. He did B.Sc. and B.Ed. to become a teacher at Fansa near Bhilad, Gujarat. I visited his place frequently. His parents were loving and respected me a lot. (Special thanks to Devvrat for sending the most recent photographs of the school.)

Friendship amongst boys and girls was practically non-existent during our school days. Any relationship at all was that of respect and praise from distance!

The high school teachers used to take great care of the students and they were sincere and well-disciplined as far as teaching was concerned. Life before 50 years was simple enough and without modern technology like TV, Computer, Car, Scooter, Air conditioner, Mobile phones and Cameras. So deviations like Whatsapp, Facebook, Mobile talks, Sports and other programmes on TV were absent. Killa Pardi was a small town spreading between Damani Zampa to Valsadi Zampa and Chival Road to the Railway Station. People went to bed at around 8 p.m. to get up at 5 a.m. So, I think a study was the only work students had and indiscipline among students was nearly absent.


TEACHERSCO-STUDENTS
English:
Ranchhodji M. Desai - Principal
D. T. Agarkar - Vice Principal
Chandrakant D. Vaidya
Maganlal B. Naik

Sanskrit:
Nandlal Joshi
Madhusudan Joshi
Vinod Upadhyay

Hindi:
V. J. Majmudar
Bipin Desai
B. S. Patel

Maths:
Dolatrai D. Naik
B. B. Champaneri
Lalbhai Desai

Gujarati:
Dilip Pandya
Vasantiben
H. R. Desai – Hirubhai
K. L. Patel

P.T.:
Mali
Lataben Desai

Chemistry:
D. U. Rathod
Kirit Christie
Patel

Drawing:
Dhirubhai Desai
Babubhai Patel
Umarsadi:
Pravin Mehta
Yogesh Captain
Jadav Tandel
Vasanti Desai

Haria:
Sita Desai
Jyoti Desai
Jagdish Desai
Dipak A. Naik
Dasharath Vashi
Viru Desai

Killa Pardi:
Devvrat Desai
Manjula Modi
Chandu Tandel
Aspee Pardiwala
Girish Shah
Rekha L. Shah
Rekha A. Shah
Shroff
Mapara
Uttam Prajapati
Mohan Prajapati
Ramesh Prajapati
Madhu Panchal
Iswar Lallubhai Patel
Shobha Bhatt
Ranjit N. N. Desai
Ranjit N. F. Desai
Dipak M. Desai
Dipak N. Desai






It is the childhood memories of the high school days that lives with all of us during full life - the teachers, the friends and supporting relatives. They are always with you till the death as they are innocent, honest and loving pleasing. I am full of emotions of gratitude, respect and praise for my teachers and co-students of D.C.O. High School, Killa Pardi and no words are enough to praise this period (1963 - 1967).

Thank you all.

Long live D.C.O. High School, Killa Pardi!


Comments

  1. Beautiful blog. I feel as your generation and my generation era was so different in terms of everything weather school-education, technology, or people. Everything was human touched with innocence. I see everything is so fast-paced and everybody is running to catch and toggling among things.

    I was reading something yesterday and was thinking it is been while I have seen your blog or any updates.

    It was great reading.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Thanks for being first to respond, as always you do.

      Students before 50 years and present day students are totally different... because of the present day exposure to TV, internet and mobiles and their absence in past.
      Anyways, it was a rare nostalgic feel that appears telling the past.

      With regards,
      Bharat Uncle

      Delete
  2. Good memories of school life at D C O Padi.It is good that u r still mantainimai relationship . Congratulations.

    ReplyDelete
  3. I am really pleased to find and read this about my school and the teachers.1946 was my last in school. when I finished standard five. I started in VF class then four and five standards. Most of the teachers and the principal I know. My drawing teacher shree Pranubhai I passed two Drawing exams. There was celebration with drawing I took part and was awarded badge I am still holding. In the morning prayer assembly I was one of five to do the prayer. For Sanskrit I used to read gita one chapter with meaning in my prayer daily. At 91 I am with computer as my Guru. Meating friends all over and teach some Gujarati on computer how to write. I had a friend Rajnikant Shah from Navapur, with him I used to have meal at the hostel, I remember puri I had.The Hostel superviser Shree Lalloobhai, when I came to zambia I met Surendra Naik from Daressalam his dad is brother of Lalloobhai.
    In past I have visited the school and hostel and have video for remembering. Always thought of some donations but so far never done.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Hello JSK,
    I am a Grand daughter of Brijlal Patel(History teacher)was also served as a history teacher during that time,i guess you forgot to mention my Grand father's name.

    ReplyDelete

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After Parsis, Anavils ( Anavil Brahmins , āŠ…āŠĻાāŠĩિāŠē āŠŽ્āŠ°ાāŠđ્āŠŪāŠĢ ) are the fastest decreasing community. The total population of Anavils around the world does not exceed two lakhs figure and that is also fast reducing day by day. Days are not far, beyond a century or so, when they will have to be seen/found in records, photos, and videos. Why? Because,    - they get married too late,    - many are dying unmarried,    - they wait for the career to be settled before the first (and maybe the only) childbirth. So,    The number of children per couple is either one or zero.    It is certain that nothing can save this community from extinction - vanishing! Let me try to introduce this community. Mr. Klass W VanDer Veen - a Dutch scholar and Professor at Amsterdam University prepared a thesis on "Anavils" and wrote a book "I Give Thee My Daughter ". He concluded, "Anavils are smart, efficient, and clever but heavily disunited....

āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪું (Will)

āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪું āŠāŠ• āŠēāŠ–ાāŠĢ (Document) āŠ›ે āŠœેāŠĻા āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠŪિāŠēāŠ•āŠĪāŠĻા āŠ­ાāŠ—āŠēા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŦેāŠ°āŠŽāŠĶāŠē (Transfer) āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻા āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુ āŠŽાāŠĶ āŠĻિāŠ°્āŠĶેāŠ·ીāŠĪ āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠĪિāŠ“ āŠ•ે āŠļંāŠļ્āŠĨાāŠĻે āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠ•ાāŠĻૂāŠĻી(Legal) āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠŪાāŠĻ્āŠŊ āŠĶāŠļ્āŠĪાāŠĩેāŠœ-āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪું āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠŪિāŠēāŠ•āŠĪāŠĻી āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻા āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુ āŠŽાāŠĶ āŠĩāŠđેંāŠšāŠĢી āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪે āŠŪાāŠđિāŠĪી āŠ†āŠŠે āŠ›ે. āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪ āŠēāŠ–āŠĩાāŠĻો āŠđેāŠĪુ āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻું āŠŪāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ‡āŠš્āŠ›ાāŠĻે āŠļāŠ°āŠģāŠĪાāŠĨી āŠ•āŠđેāŠĩાāŠĻો āŠ›ે.  āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪું āŠŪિāŠēāŠ•āŠĪ āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĻાāŠ° āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠŠāŠĢ āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠĪિ āŠĩાāŠ°āŠļāŠĶાāŠ°ોāŠĻે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠˆāŠš્āŠ›ા āŠœāŠĢાāŠĩāŠĩા āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે  āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪ āŦ§āŦŪ āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·āŠĨી āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ°āŠĻો āŠŠુāŠ–્āŠĪ āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠĪિ (āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ી āŠ•ે āŠŠુāŠ°ુāŠ·) āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે.  āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪ āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠŪાāŠĻāŠļિāŠ• āŠđાāŠēāŠĪ āŠļ્āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĨ āŠđોāŠĩી āŠœોāŠˆāŠ.  āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪ āŠēāŠ–āŠĩાāŠĻી āŠļāŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°ી āŠāŠœāŠĻ્āŠļી āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠŪāŠĻાāŠˆ āŠĻ āŠŦāŠ°āŠŪાāŠĩેāŠē āŠđોāŠĩું āŠœોāŠˆāŠ. āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠŽેāŠŸ (Probate) Indian Succession Act, 1925 Section 2 āŠŪુāŠœāŠŽ āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠŽેāŠŸ āŠŊોāŠ—્āŠŊ āŠĻ્āŠŊાāŠŊાāŠēāŠŊ āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪાāŠĻી āŠ•ાāŠŊāŠĶેāŠļāŠ°(Legation) āŠļāŠš્āŠšાāŠˆ(Correction) āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŪાāŠĢિāŠ•āŠĪાāŠĻી(Genuineness) āŠ–ાāŠĪāŠ°ી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĪો āŠđુāŠ•āŠŪ (Decree) āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠķ્āŠšિāŠŪ āŠŽંāŠ—ાāŠģ, āŠŽિāŠđાāŠ°, āŠ“āŠ°િāŠļ્āŠļા, āŠ†āŠļાāŠŪ āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ°ાંāŠĪ āŠĶિāŠē્āŠđી, āŠŪુંāŠŽāŠˆ, āŠ…āŠĻે āŠšેāŠĻ્āŠĻāŠˆ āŠĻો āŠŪ્āŠŊુāŠĻિāŠļિāŠŠāŠē āŠ•ોāŠ°્āŠŠોāŠ°ેāŠķāŠĻ āŠđāŠĶ āŠĻા āŠ°āŠđેāŠĩાāŠļીāŠ“ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠŽેāŠŸ āŠŦāŠ°āŠœિāŠŊાāŠĪ āŠ›ે āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુāŠĻા āŠļાāŠĪ āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļ āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠŽેāŠŸ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ…āŠ°āŠœી āŠĨāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. Indian Succession ...

āŠŪāŠđાāŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪ

āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŦĻāŦŦāŦĶāŦĶ āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ· āŠŠāŠđેāŠēાં, āŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•ૃāŠĪāŠŪાં āŠĩ્āŠŊાāŠļāŠŪુāŠĻી āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠēāŠ–ાāŠŊેāŠē āŠŪāŠđાāŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪ āŠĩિāŠ·ે āŠāŠŸāŠēું āŠœાāŠĢીāŠ āŠ•ે āŠĪે āŦ§āŦŪ āŠēાāŠ– āŠķāŠŽ્āŠĶોāŠĨી āŠŽે āŠēાāŠ– āŠēીāŠŸીāŠŪાં āŠāŠ• āŠēાāŠ– āŠķ્āŠēોāŠ•ોāŠĩાāŠģું āŠđિંāŠĶુāŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠĻી āŠŪાāŠđિāŠĪી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĪું āŠēાંāŠŽાāŠŪાં āŠēાંāŠŽી āŠ•āŠĩિāŠĪાāŠĻું āŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ• āŠ›ે.  āŠ† āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ•āŠŪાં āŠđāŠ•ીāŠ•āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠ…āŠĒાāŠ° āŠŠāŠ°્āŠĩ-āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠ•ે āŠ…āŠĒાāŠ° āŠ…āŠ§્āŠŊાāŠŊāŠŪાં āŠ•ુāŠ°ુāŠ•્āŠ·ેāŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĻા āŠŪેāŠĶાāŠĻāŠŪાં āŠļો āŠ•ૌāŠ°āŠĩો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠાંāŠš āŠŠાંāŠĄāŠĩો (āŠŽāŠĻ્āŠĻે āŠŠāŠ•્āŠ·ે āŠŠિāŠĪ્āŠ°ાāŠˆāŠ­ાāŠˆāŠ“) āŠĩāŠš્āŠšે āŠēāŠĄાāŠŊેāŠē āŠŊુāŠĶ્āŠ§āŠĻી āŠĩિāŠ—āŠĪāŠĩાāŠ° āŠ•āŠĨા āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠĩાāŠ°્āŠĪા āŠĩ્āŠŊાāŠļāŠŪુāŠĻીāŠĻા āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨી āŠāŠĩા āŠĩૈāŠķાāŠŪāŠŠાāŠŊāŠĻે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĨāŠŪāŠĩાāŠ° āŠĩાંāŠšીāŠĻે āŠĪāŠ•્āŠ·āŠķિāŠēા āŠ–ાāŠĪે āŠ…āŠ°્āŠœુāŠĻāŠĻા āŠŠૌāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠāŠĩા āŠ°ાāŠœા āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪેāŠœāŠŊ āŠĻે āŠļંāŠ­āŠģાāŠĩી āŠ›ે. āŠĩૈāŠķāŠŪāŠŠાāŠŊāŠĻે āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪેāŠœāŠŊāŠĻે āŠ•āŠđી āŠļાંāŠ­āŠģāŠĩી āŠĪે āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠ•āŠĨા āŠĪે āŠŪāŠđાāŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪ. āŠŪāŠĻે āŠ–āŠŽāŠ° āŠ›ે āŠĪāŠŪાāŠ°ે āŠŦāŠ•્āŠĪ āŠ•āŠĨાāŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુ āŠŸૂંāŠ•ાāŠĢāŠŪાં āŠœ āŠœાāŠĢāŠĩી āŠ›ે- āŠ…āŠĒાāŠ° āŠēાāŠ– āŠķāŠŽ્āŠĶો āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠ•āŠđેāŠĩાāŠŊેāŠē āŠĩાāŠĪ āŠđું āŠ…āŠĒાāŠ° āŠŠાāŠĻાāŠŪાં āŠ•āŠĨાāŠĻું āŠđાāŠ°્āŠĶ āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠŊ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠēંāŠŽાāŠĢ āŠĻ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ āŠ°ીāŠĪે) āŠ•āŠđેāŠĩાāŠĻો āŠĻāŠŪ્āŠ° āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊાāŠļ āŠ•āŠ°ું āŠ›ું.   āŠ•ૌāŠŸુંāŠŽિāŠ• āŠŠāŠ°િāŠšāŠŊ āŠŪāŠđાāŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠĻી āŠķāŠ°ૂāŠ†āŠĪ āŠ•ુāŠ°ુāŠĩંāŠķāŠĻો āŠˆāŠĪિāŠđાāŠļ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ•ુāŠŸુંāŠŽāŠĩૃāŠ•્āŠ· (Family Tree) āŠĻા āŠŠāŠ°િāŠšāŠŊ āŠĨી āŠ†āŠĶિāŠŠāŠ°્āŠĩ āŠŪાં āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ° āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠļāŠ­ાāŠŠāŠ°્āŠĩ āŠŪાં āŠ•ૌāŠ°āŠĩો-āŠŠાંāŠĄāŠĩો āŠĩāŠš્āŠšે āŠ°āŠŪાāŠŊેāŠē āŠ§ૃāŠĪ āŠœૂāŠ—āŠŸું āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠાંāŠĄāŠĩોāŠĻી āŠđાāŠ° āŠĻી āŠ•āŠĨા āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠ° āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·āŠŪાંāŠĨી āŠŠāŠđેāŠēાં āŠŽાāŠ° āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·āŠĻા āŠĩāŠĻāŠĩાāŠļāŠĻું āŠĩāŠ°્āŠĢāŠĻ āŠĩāŠĻāŠŠāŠ°્āŠĩ āŠŪાં...

āŠ…ંāŠ—āŠĶāŠĻો āŠŠāŠ— - āŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ• āŠŠāŠ°િāŠšāŠŊ

āŠāŠ• āŠœ āŠŽેāŠ āŠ•āŠŪાં āŠ•ે āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠļāŠģંāŠ— āŠĩાંāŠšāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠ‰āŠĪ્āŠ•ંāŠ ા āŠœાāŠ—ે āŠāŠĩી āŠ† āŠĻāŠĩāŠēāŠ•āŠĨાāŠĻો āŠŠāŠ°િāŠšāŠŊ āŠ•āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠĻો āŠĻāŠŪ્āŠ° āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊાāŠļ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠ–ૂāŠŽ āŠ†āŠĻંāŠĶ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે.  āŠ­ુāŠœ āŠ°āŠđેāŠĪા, āŠđાāŠē 74 āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·ીāŠŊ, āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢાં āŠēેāŠ–āŠ• āŠķ્āŠ°ી āŠđāŠ°ેāŠķ āŠ§ોāŠģāŠ•િāŠŊા āŠœિંāŠĶāŠ—ીāŠĻા 25 āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ· āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠđāŠĪા. āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ†āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķ āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠ•āŠĻા āŠāŠ• āŠēāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠĪāŠ°ીāŠ•ે āŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ•ો āŠĩાંāŠšāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠļāŠ°āŠļ āŠŸેāŠĩ āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĪા āŠđāŠĪા. āŠĪે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે 1945 āŠŪાં āŠēāŠ–ાāŠŊેāŠē 1930 āŠĻી āŠ•āŠĨાāŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુ āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĪી āŠēેāŠ–િāŠ•ા āŠˆāŠŊાāŠĻ āŠđેāŠĻ્āŠĄ āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠēિāŠ–િāŠĪ āŠŽે āŠĻāŠĩāŠēāŠ•āŠĨાāŠ“ āŠĩાંāŠšે āŠ›ે - 700+ āŠŠાāŠĻાંāŠĻી Fountain Head (āŠŦાāŠ‰āŠĻ્āŠŸāŠĻ āŠđેāŠĄ) āŠļાāŠĪ-āŠļાāŠĪ āŠĩાāŠ° āŠļāŠģંāŠ— āŠĩાંāŠšી āŠĪો 1150+ āŠŠાāŠĻાં āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĪી Atlas Shrugged (āŠāŠŸāŠēાāŠļ āŠķ્āŠ°āŠ—્āŠĄ) āŠŠāŠĢ āŠļāŠģંāŠ— āŠ…āŠĩાāŠ°āŠĻāŠĩાāŠ° āŠĩાંāŠšી. 1988āŠĻા āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·ે āŠĨāŠŊેāŠē āŠ† āŠ…āŠ•āŠļ્āŠŪાāŠĪ(!) āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠĻāŠĩāŠēāŠ•āŠĨાāŠĻું āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪāŠļ્āŠĨાāŠĻ āŠ›ે.  āŠŦાāŠ‰āŠĻ્āŠŸāŠĻ āŠđેāŠĄ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠāŠŸāŠēાāŠļ āŠķ્āŠ°āŠ—્āŠĄ āŠĻāŠĩāŠēāŠ•āŠĨાāŠ“ āŠ°āŠķિāŠŊāŠĻ āŠēેāŠ–િāŠ•ા āŠˆāŠŊાāŠĻ āŠđેāŠĻ્āŠĄે āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ા āŠœāŠˆāŠĻે āŠēāŠ–ી āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŽāŠĻ્āŠĻેāŠĻી 64 āŠēાāŠ– āŠĨી āŠĩāŠ§ુ āŠĻāŠ•āŠēો āŠĩિāŠķ્āŠĩāŠ­āŠ°āŠŪાં āŠĩંāŠšાāŠŊ āŠšૂāŠ•ી āŠ›ે. āŠŽāŠĻ્āŠĻે āŠŪાં āŠēેāŠ–āŠ•āŠĻે “āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩ āŠķ્āŠ°ેāŠ·્āŠ āŠĪ્āŠĩ” āŠĻા āŠ…āŠĶ્āŠĶāŠ­ૂāŠĪ āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķāŠĻ āŠĨāŠŊા āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ°ાંāŠĪ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĪિāŠ­ાāŠķાāŠģી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļાāŠŪાāŠĻ્āŠŊ (First Raters and Second Raters)āŠĻું āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠĨāŠŊેāŠēાં āŠĩāŠ°્āŠĢāŠĻ āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĢે āŠ†āŠĪ્āŠŪāŠķાāŠĪ āŠ•āŠ°્āŠŊું āŠ›ે.  āŠŠāŠđેāŠēા āŠēેāŠ–āŠ•āŠķ્āŠ°ીāŠĻા āŠŪિāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠķ્āŠ°ી āŠļુāŠ°ેāŠķāŠ­ાāŠˆ āŠŠāŠ°ીāŠ–ે āŠāŠŸāŠēાāŠļ āŠķ્āŠ°āŠ—્āŠĄāŠĻું āŠ­ાāŠ·ાંāŠĪāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા āŠļૂāŠšāŠĩ્āŠŊું. āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ° āŠŠāŠ›ી...

History Of Muslims In India: Hindu-Muslim Relations

With this article, I would like to tell you about three things: (1) the History of Islam and Muslims in India; then I will try to elaborate, specifically telling (2) What went wrong; and finally, I will conclude by telling (3) The future of relations amongst Muslims and Hindus. Although it is routine to give references, in the end, I shall start with the list of three reference books in the beginning. All these details are not mine, I’ve only summarized them from these books. 1. "Miyan Ne Mahadev No Mel Padshe J Padshe” (Gujarati - “āŠŪિāŠŊાં āŠĻે āŠŪāŠđાāŠĶેāŠĩ āŠĻો āŠŪેāŠģ āŠŠāŠĄāŠķે āŠœ āŠŠāŠĄāŠķે”) by Kanti Shah. Published by Yaagna Prakasan Samiti, Hujaratpaga, Vadodara. A Gujarati book. Title meaning “Muslims and Hindus will certainly unite…”. Pages 80, Cost Rs. 30. 2. “Indian Muslims – Where They Have Gone Wrong” (English) by Rafiq Zakaria. Published by Popular Prakasan and Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan. Pages 620, Cost Rs 495. 3. “Rashtra Aur Musalman” (Hindi - “āΰाāĪ·्āΟ्āΰ āĪ”āΰ āĪŪुāĪļāĪēāĪŪाāĪĻ”) by Nasira ...

Dawood Ibrahim - A Journey From Dongri To Karachi, Via Dubai

One of the recent off-bit topics I’ve read, this one book about ‘Mumbai Mafia’ has been the most interesting, well-researched and well-written. Here is an excerpt from Dawood Ibrahim's journey from “Dongri to Dubai”, and the six decades of Mumbai mafia.

āŠŠāŠĩિāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠ•ુāŠ°ાāŠĻ - āŠļાāŠ°ાંāŠķ

āŠĶāŠ°ેāŠ• āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠĻા āŠļિāŠĶ્āŠ§ાંāŠĪો āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪે āŠŪાāŠ°્āŠ—āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŪાāŠđિāŠĪી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĪું āŠļāŠ°્āŠĩāŠŪાāŠĻ્āŠŊ āŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ• āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠđિāŠĻ્āŠĶુ āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠŪાં āŠŪāŠđાāŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪ – āŠ­āŠ—āŠĩāŠĶāŠ—ીāŠĪા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ°ાāŠŪાāŠŊāŠĢ āŠ›ે, āŠĪો āŠ–્āŠ°િāŠļ્āŠĪી āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠŪાં āŠŽાāŠˆāŠŽāŠē āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠķીāŠ– āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠŪાં āŠ—ુāŠ°ુāŠ—્āŠ°ંāŠĨāŠļાāŠđેāŠŽ āŠ›ે, āŠ āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠˆāŠļ્āŠēાāŠŪāŠŪાં āŠ•ુāŠ°ાāŠĻ āŠ›ે. āŠŪુāŠļ્āŠēિāŠŪોāŠĻે āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪ āŠ‰āŠŠāŠĶેāŠķ-āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĩાāŠĻા āŠĻિāŠŊāŠŪો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠāŠŪāŠĻા āŠ­āŠ—āŠĩાāŠĻ āŠ…āŠē્āŠēાāŠđāŠĻી āŠ­āŠ•્āŠĪિāŠĻી āŠ°ીāŠĪો āŠ•ુāŠ°ાāŠĻāŠŪાં āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠĩી āŠ›ે. āŠđāŠāŠ°āŠĪ āŠŪāŠđંāŠŪāŠĶ āŠŠેāŠ—āŠŪ્āŠŽāŠ° āŠļાāŠ‰āŠĶી āŠ…āŠ°ેāŠŽિāŠŊાāŠĻા āŠŪāŠ•્āŠ•ા āŠķāŠđેāŠ°āŠŪાં āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪ્āŠŊા. āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻી āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻી āŠšાāŠēીāŠķ āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·āŠĻી āŠ‰ંāŠŪāŠ°āŠĨી āŠķāŠ°ૂ āŠ•āŠ°ીāŠĻે āŠŽીāŠœા āŠĪ્āŠ°ેāŠĩીāŠļ āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ· āŠļુāŠ§ીāŠĻા āŠēાંāŠŽા āŠ—ાāŠģાāŠŪાં āŠˆ.āŠļ. āŦŽāŦ§āŦĶ āŠĨી āŦŽāŦĐāŦĻ āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠ…āŠē્āŠēાāŠđāŠŠાāŠ•ે āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻા āŠŦāŠ°િāŠļ્āŠĪાāŠ“ āŠŪાāŠ°āŠŦāŠĪે āŠ•ુāŠ°ાāŠĻ āŠķāŠ°ીāŠŦāŠĻું āŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠ†āŠŠ્āŠŊું. āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠēāŠ–ાāŠĢāŠĨી āŠŽāŠĻેāŠē āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ• āŠĪે āŠ•ુāŠ°ાāŠĻ. āŠ•ુāŠ°ાāŠĻ āŠķāŠ°ીāŠŦ āŠŦāŠ•્āŠĪ āŠŪુāŠļ્āŠēિāŠŪોāŠĻું āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ• āŠĻāŠĨી, āŠŽāŠē્āŠ•ે āŠĩિāŠķ્āŠĩāŠĻા āŠļāŠ˜āŠģા āŠˆāŠĻ્āŠķાāŠĻો āŠŪાāŠŸેāŠĻું āŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ• āŠ›ે. āŠ•ુāŠ°āŠĻāŠŪાં āŠāŠ• āŠ…āŠē્āŠēાāŠđāŠŠાāŠ•āŠĻે āŠœ āŠļāŠ°્āŠĩāŠķāŠ•્āŠĪિāŠŪાāŠĻ āŠŪાāŠĻીāŠĻે āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠˆāŠŽાāŠĶāŠĪ (āŠ‰āŠŠાāŠļāŠĻા) āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻું āŠ•āŠđ્āŠŊું āŠ›ે. āŠ…āŠē્āŠēાāŠđāŠŠાāŠ• āŠļિāŠĩાāŠŊ āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે-āŠŽીāŠœાāŠĻે āŠļાāŠŪેāŠē (āŠķāŠ°ીāŠ•) āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻે āŠ—ુāŠĻેāŠ—ાāŠ° āŠ—āŠĢાāŠĩ્āŠŊો āŠ›ે. āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠĻે āŠ­ાāŠ—ીāŠĶાāŠ° āŠĻ āŠŽāŠĻાāŠĩો. āŠŪૂāŠ°્āŠĪિāŠŠૂāŠœા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ…āŠĻેāŠ•ેāŠķ્āŠĩāŠ°āŠĩાāŠĶ āŠˆāŠļ્āŠēાāŠŪāŠŪાં āŠ…āŠļ્āŠĩીāŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠ•ુāŠ°ાāŠĻ āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩāŠļāŠŪાāŠœāŠĻી āŠ†āŠ§્āŠŊાāŠĪ્āŠŪિāŠ• āŠļāŠŪāŠœāŠĢ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ‰āŠĪાāŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊું āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžા...

āŠĩાāŠ°āŠļāŠĶાāŠ° (Legal Heir)

āŠđિāŠĻ્āŠĶુ āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪું āŠēāŠ–્āŠŊા/āŠŽāŠĻાāŠĩ્āŠŊા āŠļિāŠĩાāŠŊāŠĻા, āŠđિāŠĻ્āŠĶુ āŠŪૃāŠĪāŠ•āŠĻા āŠĩાāŠ°āŠļāŠĶાāŠ°ો āŠĻીāŠšે āŠŪુāŠœāŠŽ āŠ—āŠĢાāŠķે. āŠđિāŠĻ્āŠĶુ āŠŠુāŠ°ુāŠ· āŠŪૃāŠĪāŠ•   CLASS-I LEGAL HEIRS:  āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ° / āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°ી āŠĩિāŠ§āŠĩા / āŠĩિāŠ§ુāŠ° āŠŪા āŠŪૃāŠĪāŠ•āŠĻા āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĻો āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ો / āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ી āŠŪૃāŠĪāŠ•āŠĻી āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠĻો āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ો / āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ી āŠŪૃāŠĪāŠ• āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĻી āŠĩિāŠ§āŠĩા āŠŪૃāŠĪāŠ•āŠĻા āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĻા āŠŪૃāŠĪāŠ• āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĻો āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ો (āŠŠૌāŠĪ્āŠ°) / āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ી (āŠŠૌāŠĪ્āŠ°ી) āŠŪૃāŠĪāŠ• āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĻા āŠŪૃāŠĪāŠ• āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĻી āŠĩિāŠ§āŠĩા  CLASS-II LEGAL HEIRS (in absence of Class-I Legal Heirs):  āŠŠિāŠĪા  āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĻી āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠĻો āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ° / āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°ી, āŠ­ાāŠˆ / āŠŽāŠđેāŠĻ, āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ીāŠĻા āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ાāŠĻો āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ° / āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°ી  āŠ­ાāŠˆāŠĻો āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ો / āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ી, āŠŽāŠđેāŠĻāŠĻો āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ો / āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ી āŠĶાāŠĶા (Father’s Father) āŠĶાāŠĶી (Father’s Mother)  āŠŠિāŠĪાāŠĻી āŠĩિāŠ§āŠĩા āŠŠિāŠĪાāŠĻી āŠŪાāŠĪા, āŠŠિāŠĪાāŠĻો āŠ­ાāŠˆ / āŠŽāŠđેāŠĻ  āŠŪાāŠĪાāŠĻા āŠŠિāŠĪા (āŠ†āŠœા) / āŠŪા (āŠ†āŠœી)  āŠŪાāŠĪાāŠĻો āŠ­ાāŠˆ / āŠŽāŠđેāŠĻ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĨāŠŪ āŠŠāŠļંāŠĶāŠ—ી āŠĩાāŠ°āŠļāŠĶાāŠ° Class-I āŠŪાંāŠĨી āŠĨāŠķે. āŠ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ†āŠŠેāŠē āŠ•્āŠ°āŠŪ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŪાāŠĢે āŠœ āŠ°āŠđેāŠķે. Class-I āŠŪાં āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠļāŠ—ું āŠĻ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠĪો āŠœ Class-II āŠ—āŠĢાāŠķે. āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠŠāŠĢ āŦ§ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĨāŠŪ āŠ…āŠĻે āŦŊ āŠĻંāŠŽāŠ°āŠĻો āŠ›ેāŠē્āŠēા āŠ—āŠĢાāŠķે.  āŠđિāŠĻ્āŠĶુ/āŠŠāŠ°āŠĢિāŠĪ āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ી āŠŪૃāŠĪāŠ• āŠ•્āŠ°āŠŪ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŪાāŠĢે āŠ…āŠ—્āŠ°āŠĪા āŠ—āŠĢાāŠķે.  āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°, āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°ી, āŠŪૃāŠĪāŠ• āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ° / āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠĻા āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ા / āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ી  āŠŠāŠĪિāŠĻા āŠĩાāŠ°āŠļāŠĶાāŠ°ો  ...

āŠ†āŠĶિāŠ•āŠĩિ āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪા

āŠļૌāŠ°ાāŠ·્āŠŸ્āŠ° āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠĩીāŠ°ો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļંāŠĪોāŠĻી āŠ­ૂāŠŪિ, āŠĪેāŠĻું āŠĻાāŠ—āŠ°ીāŠ°āŠĪ્āŠĻ āŠœુāŠĻાāŠ—āŠĒāŠĻિāŠĩાāŠļી āŠ—ૃāŠđāŠļ્āŠĨ āŠ—િāŠ°āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠŠંāŠšાāŠˆāŠĻા āŠ•āŠĩિ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ­āŠ•્āŠĪ āŠĪે āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪા! āŠŪીāŠ°ા, āŠ•āŠŽીāŠ° āŠ•ે āŠĪુāŠēāŠļીāŠĶાāŠļ āŠœેāŠĩો āŠ­āŠ•્āŠĪāŠ•āŠĩિ āŠŠāŠ°āŠŪ āŠļંāŠĪ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ—ુāŠœāŠ°ાāŠĪી āŠļાāŠđિāŠĪ્āŠŊāŠĻો āŠŪāŠđાāŠĻ āŠļāŠ•્āŠ·āŠŪ āŠ•āŠĩિ āŠĪે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢો āŠĻāŠ°āŠļૈāŠŊો . āŠļાāŠĶાāŠˆ, āŠļāŠ°āŠģāŠĪા, āŠŽેāŠŦિāŠ•āŠ°āŠŠāŠĢું āŠœેāŠĩા āŠ—ુāŠĢો āŠļાāŠĨે āŠĻાāŠ—āŠ°ોāŠĻી āŠŸીāŠ•ાāŠĻે āŠ…āŠĩāŠ—āŠĢી āŠđāŠ°િāŠœāŠĻો āŠĩāŠš્āŠšે āŠŽેāŠļી āŠ­āŠœāŠĻો āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ­ોāŠœāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪા āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪા āŠ…āŠļ્āŠŠૃāŠķ્āŠŊāŠĪા āŠ†āŠ­āŠĄāŠ›ેāŠĄāŠĻા āŠŠાંāŠš āŠķāŠĪāŠ• āŠŠāŠđેāŠēાંāŠĻા āŠļāŠŪાāŠœāŠŪાં āŠ•āŠē્āŠŠāŠĩું āŠŪુāŠķ્āŠ•ેāŠē āŠ›ે. āŠđāŠ°િāŠœāŠĻ āŠ‰āŠĶ્āŠ§ાāŠ° āŠ•ે āŠāŠĩી āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠŪોāŠŸાāŠˆ āŠĩāŠ—āŠ° āŠ‰āŠš્āŠšāŠĻીāŠšāŠĻા āŠĩાāŠĄા āŠ­ેāŠĶી āŠđāŠģāŠĩું āŠŪāŠģāŠĩું āŠœેāŠĩું āŠ–ૂāŠŽ āŠđિંāŠŪāŠĪ āŠĻું āŠ•ાāŠŪ āŠĪેāŠ“ āŠœ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠļંāŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĢ āŠķāŠ°āŠĢાāŠ—āŠĪિ (Total Surrender) āŠ•ે āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠļાāŠ•્āŠ·ીāŠ­ાāŠĩ (Be Witness) āŠœેāŠĩા āŠ—ીāŠĪાāŠĻા āŠ‰āŠŠāŠĶેāŠķો āŠ†āŠĪ્āŠŪāŠļાāŠĪ āŠ•āŠ°ેāŠēા āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠŪāŠđાāŠĻ āŠ•ૃāŠ·્āŠĢāŠ­āŠ•્āŠĪ āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪાāŠĻે āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠķંāŠķાāŠĻા āŠķāŠŽ્āŠĶો āŠŪāŠģāŠĪા āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ•ૃāŠ·્āŠĢ āŠ­āŠ•્āŠĪિ-āŠ­āŠœāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļંāŠļાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠļાંāŠļાāŠ°ીāŠ• āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪોāŠŪાં āŠļંāŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĢ āŠĻāŠšિંāŠĪāŠŠાāŠĢુંāŠļāŠŪāŠœāŠĩું āŠļāŠđેāŠēું āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠķાāŠŪāŠģāŠķાāŠĻો āŠĩિāŠĩાāŠđ, āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ી āŠ•ુંāŠĩāŠ°āŠŽાāŠˆāŠĻું āŠŪાāŠŪેāŠ°ુ, āŠđૂંāŠĄી āŠēāŠ–ી āŠļ્āŠĩીāŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻીāŠ†āŠķા āŠ°ાāŠ–āŠĩી, āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠķાāŠŪāŠģāŠķા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠāŠĪ્āŠĻી āŠŪાāŠĢેāŠ•āŠŽાāŠˆāŠĻા āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુ āŠļāŠŪāŠŊે āŠĩિāŠ°āŠ•્āŠĪāŠ­ાāŠĩāŠĻાāŠĨી “āŠ­āŠēું āŠĨāŠŊું āŠ­ાંāŠ—ી āŠœંāŠœાāŠģ” āŠ—ાāŠĪા āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪા āŠ•āŠē્āŠŠāŠĩા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļāŠŪāŠœāŠĩા āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ–ૂāŠŽ āŠŠંāŠšી āŠŪાāŠĻāŠļિāŠ• āŠļ્āŠĨિāŠĪિāŠ āŠŠāŠđોંāŠšāŠĩું āŠŠāŠĄે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠļૌ...