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Mental Disorders You Must Know

Actually, we suffer from two types of diseases disturbing our life – one is physical – having symptoms of bodily illness and they can be diagnosed and cured easily by doctors, but other is a mental illness which is not recognised properly either by the individual or their doctor! This life-threatening mental illness needs great care and attention. I am introducing them one by one. 

First, we must know basic problems. 


Now I want to tell you about the symptoms not cleared by routine medical doctors and needing psychiatric help. All these listed here if not relived or recurred now and then, be aware mental illness is certainly present.

Symptoms
  • Vomiting – Nausea 
  • Fainting spells – dizziness 
  • Headache – backache 
  • Pain in the chest 
  • Palpitations 
  • Breathlessness 
  • Stomach ulcers and acidity 
  • Stomach loss of appetite 
  • Heaviness after eating 
  • Excessive belching 
  • Weakness 
  • Pain in joints. Arthritis. 
  • Quickening or slowing of the heart 
  • Rise and fall of blood pressure 
  • Asthma 
  • Eczema 
Now, let us discuss important mental disorders. 


Anxiety

Anxiety is a mental condition with fear, shakiness, fast heart rate and excessive worrying. Anxiety is a feeling of worry, nervousness or unease, worry about future events. Anxiety can be generalized, phobia, social, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder or selective mutism. 12% of the population suffers from anxiety. It is twice in females than males.


Neurosis 

Neurosis is a relatively mild mental illness involving symptoms of stress (like obsession, depression or anxiety) but not a radical loss of touch with reality. So Neurosis is a borderline personality disorder. Thus Neurosis is in short excessive and irrational anxiety or obsession. Neurosis (also known as psychoneurosis) is a mental disorder that causes a sense of distress and deficit in functioning.

Neurosis is a behaviour that interferes with normal living, impairs the individual’s efficiency, happiness and makes one unable to get along with or love other people.

Disability characterized by too much neurotic behaviour.

Examples: gambling, over concern about bowels, diet and appearance, sexual promiscuity.

True neurosis is accompanied by a feeling of unhappiness, disappointment and frustration.

Neurotic is uncomfortable during an attack but otherwise feels perfectly well.
  • Compulsions: such as washing hands
  • Phobias: such as fear of germs 
  • Obsessions: such as self–torturing jealousy 
Neurosis:
  • Compulsion Neurosis 
  • Anxiety Neurosis 
  • Hysteria
Jumpiness, fast heart, Restlessness, Excessive sweating, Insomnia-nightmares, Haggard feeling and facial expression, Feeling exhausted, having prolonged suffering exertion

Hysteria: Sudden clippings of special parts of the body and any medical condition can be imitated by hysteria.


Psychosis 

It is a mental disorder causing disconnection from reality which results in stranger behaviour often accompanied by a perception of stimuli of voices, images or sensations, delusions, hallucinations and talking incomprehensibly.

Symptoms are delusion, hallucination, inability to concentrate, depression, sleeping too much or too little, losing bond with family and friends, anxiety, suicidal thoughts and switching topics while talking.


Depression 

Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity.
  • Depression can affect a person’s thoughts, feelings, behaviour, motivation and serves well-being. It may feature sadness, difficulty in thinking and concentration. It can be seen with an increase or decrease in appetite and sleep time. The person feels dejection, hopelessness and sometimes have suicidal thoughts. Actually, one has a loss of interest or loss of feeling of pleasure in certain activities usually enjoy. 
It is caused as a temporary reaction to life events such as the loss of a loved one or some drugs or diseases. 4.4% population suffers from depression.
  1. Major depression: Here person suffers for at least two weeks of low mood, low self-esteem, low energy, loss of interest and pain without clear reason. Sometimes the period of depression follows a normal mood. Genetic factors, environmental and psychological factors cause it. 3% world population suffers from major depression. 
  2. Melancholia: Is a loss of interest in most or all activities, failure to react to pleasure stimuli, worsening of symptoms in the morning hour, early morning waking, excessive weight loss, excessive guilt and psychomotor retardation. 


Mania 

Mania is a state of abnormally elevated arousal effect and energy level. It is a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with lability of affect.

The heightened mood can be either be euphoric or irritable. At a higher level of mania, irritability leads to anxiety and violence. A person has elevated mood, flight of ideas, the pressure of speech, increased energy, decreased desire and need for sleep and hyperactivity.

Hypomania: is a less intense Mania. Hypomania leads to increase creativity and productivity. Goal motivated behaviour and metabolism increase. Though hypomania with elevated mood and energy is good, when exaggerated, a person displays excessive optimism, grandiosity and poor decision making.


Schizophrenia 

Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by relapsing episodes of psychosis. Major symptoms include hallucinations often of hearing voices, delusions of having beliefs not shared by others and disorganized thinking. Other symptoms include social withdrawal, decreased emotional expression and lack of motivation. Symptoms come gradually and young persons of 16 to 30 years of age are involved.

A person has significant alterations in perception, thoughts, mood and behaviour.

The end results, or say, complications are suicide, heart disease or lifestyle disease.

It is a Split Partial or Complete - Between - What happens to them and how they feel about it.

Their feelings are flat so their response is flattened or inappropriate. Their emotions depend more upon what happens inside than what happens outside their minds.

Four types of Schizophrenia:
  1. Paranoid Schizophrenia (More common): The most prominent symptoms are hallucinations and delusions. The patient has the unusual feeling of being watched, followed or even hunted down. Paranoia means an intense, irrational persistent instinct or thought process of fear fall feeling and thoughts.
  2. Catatonic Schizophrenia (Rare): Catatonic means extremes of under or over motor activity. Person falls into behaviours extremes much like music and depressive episodes. In a catatonic stupor, there is a deficit of movement making him motionless and in catatonic excitement, there is excessive movement associated with violent behaviour to oneself or others.
  3. Disorganised Schizophrenia (Also known as hebephrenia): Person has an intentionally disorganized behavioural pattern. This leads to difficulty in communicating because his train of thoughts cannot be understood. It is a disease of adolescence appearing between 15 to 25 years ago. 
  4. Undifferentiated Schizophrenia: Here the person has mixed symptoms of any of the above three.


Bipolar Disorder (Also known as manic depression)

Bipolar disorder is characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood. The severally elevated mood is called mania and the less severe is called hypomania

Condition is characterised by intermittent episodes of mania and depression with an absence of any symptoms in between (normal state of mind)

Manic Episodes: The person has euphoria to delirium, increased self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need of sleep and disinhibited social behaviour, impulsive or high-risk behaviours like excessive spending or hypersexuality, inability to work or socialize. A milder form of the above manic symptoms is called hypomania.

Depressive Episodes: Here the person has persistent feelings of sadness, irritability or anger, feeling of guilt, sleeping too much or too little, change in appetite and /or weight, feeling of worthlessness and thoughts of death or suicide.

Mental Health is a human right!
Practices for intact mental health. 
  1. Medicate every day. Learn Practice Mindfulness
  2. Affirm:
    • “I love and approve of myself.”
    • Louise Hay
    • Say the above statement meaningfully. Say it 3 – 4 times every day especially before retiring at night.
  3. Choose kindness :
    • Whenever there is a choice between being right and being kind, choose to be kind Dr Wayne Dyer. Kindness increases serotonin levels… a great healing hormone.
  4. Hobby: Pursue your hobbies. They are a must for stress relief.
  5. Deep breathing: Practice deep breathing whenever possible. Keep your brain healthy and efficient.
  6. Walking: A 20 minutes brisk walk in the morning releases endorphins… the positive and happy hormones. 
  7. Read Inspiring books every day.
  8. Smile: Smile is the window of your soul and laughing is the door. – Neal Donald Walsch.
  9. Love: Love Everything, Love Empowers you beyond measure, Love includes unconditional acceptance. 
  10. Speak out: Don’t suffer silently speak out – seek help. Stock up on compassion for yourself.
  11. Peace: Choose peace in every situation. Make it a habit. Peace brings the best of everything to us. Peace brings prosperity.
  12. Thankful heart: Wake up and sleep with a thankful heart.


Take-Home Message

Life (to remain alive) is more important than no life. Any problem like a failure in examination, financial loss in life, disturbance in friendship or marital relation or any problem can be solved with time, but the resultant mental disorder can be life-threatening. So do not remain disturbed, confused or low, instead talk to your close relatives and friends, communicate freely personally, by writing or on the phone and sick help, the solution is assured.

Lastly, I will conclude by talking about this most important advice, do not plan treatment yourself or with the help of non-psychiatric doctors. The help of a psychiatrist nearby will cure you in total by psychotherapy, medicines or ECT (Electro Convulsive Treatment). So, do not wait and waste time.

Best of luck!

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āŠđિāŠĻ્āŠĶુāŠ“āŠŪાં āŠēāŠ—્āŠĻ āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠŪા-āŠŽાāŠŠ āŠĨāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠŠāŠđેāŠēી āŠĩાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠ…āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĨાāŠĻું āŠ–ૂāŠŽ āŠŪāŠđāŠĪ્āŠĩ āŠ›ે. āŠ—āŠ°્āŠ­āŠŪાં āŠ°āŠđેāŠē āŠŽાāŠģāŠ•āŠĻે āŠķુāŠĶ્āŠ§ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩું – āŠŠāŠĩિāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩું āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ°ી āŠđોāŠĩાāŠĨી āŠĪે āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪāŠĻું āŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•āŠ°āŠĢ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠĨી āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠĶāŠ°āŠŪ્āŠŊાāŠĻ āŠĨāŠĪાં āŠļોāŠģ āŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•ાāŠ°ોāŠŪાંāŠĨી āŠāŠ• āŠļીāŠŪંāŠĪોāŠĻ્āŠĻāŠŊāŠĻ āŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•ાāŠ° āŠ–ૂāŠŽ āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ°ી āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠĩિāŠ§િ āŠ—āŠ°્āŠ­ાāŠĩāŠļ્āŠĨાāŠĻા āŠ…ંāŠĪિāŠŪ āŠĪāŠŽāŠ•્āŠ•ાāŠŪાં āŠ›āŠ ્āŠ ા āŠ•ે āŠ†āŠ āŠŪા āŠŪાāŠđિāŠĻાāŠŪાં āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠŽાāŠģāŠ• āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪ āŠŠāŠđેāŠēાāŠĻા āŠļāŠŪāŠŊāŠ—ાāŠģાāŠŪાં āŠŪાāŠĪાāŠĻી āŠŪāŠĻ:āŠļ્āŠĨિāŠĪિāŠĻી āŠļીāŠ§ી āŠ…āŠļāŠ° āŠŽાāŠģāŠ• āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ° āŠŠāŠĄે āŠ›ે – āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠ†āŠĻંāŠĶોāŠĪ્āŠļāŠĩ āŠŪāŠĻાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠĨી āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ીāŠĻું āŠŪāŠĻ āŠ† āŠļāŠŪāŠŊ āŠĶāŠ°āŠŪ્āŠŊાāŠĻ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠļāŠĻ્āŠĻ āŠ°āŠđે āŠ›ે āŠœેāŠĨી āŠŽાāŠģāŠ• āŠŠāŠĢ āŠĪંāŠĶુāŠ°āŠļ્āŠĪ āŠ°āŠđે āŠ›ે. āŠ˜āŠ°āŠŪાં āŠŽાāŠģāŠ• āŠ†āŠĩāŠĩાāŠĻા āŠļāŠŪાāŠšાāŠ° āŠŪાāŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĨી āŠļāŠŪāŠ—્āŠ° āŠŠāŠ°િāŠĩાāŠ°āŠŪાં āŠ‰āŠĪ્āŠļાāŠđ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ†āŠĻંāŠĶāŠĻું āŠĩાāŠĪાāŠĩāŠ°āŠĢ āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļૌ āŠ†āŠĪુāŠ°āŠĪાāŠĨી āŠ†āŠĩāŠĻાāŠ° āŠŽાāŠģāŠ• āŠŪāŠđેāŠŪાāŠĻāŠĻા āŠ†āŠ—āŠŪāŠĻāŠĻી āŠ°ાāŠđ āŠœોāŠĪાં āŠđોāŠˆ āŠ›ે. āŠļીāŠŪંāŠĪ āŠĩિāŠ§િ  (āŠ–ોāŠģો āŠ­āŠ°āŠĩો – āĪ—ोāĪĶ āĪ­āΰाāΈ – Baby Shower) āŠķāŠŽ્āŠĶāŠļāŠđ āŠļāŠŪāŠœીāŠ āŠĪો āŠļીāŠŪંāŠĪ āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠĩાāŠģ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ‰āŠĻ્āŠĻāŠŊāŠĻ āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ° āŠšāŠĒાāŠĩāŠĩા. āŠĩિāŠ§િāŠĻી āŠķāŠ°ૂāŠ†āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠŠāŠĪિ āŠŪંāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠŽોāŠēી āŠŠāŠĪ્āŠĻીāŠĻા āŠĩાāŠģ āŠļāŠœાāŠĩે āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļેંāŠĨાāŠŪાં āŠļિંāŠĶુāŠ° āŠŠૂāŠ°ે āŠ›ે. āŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•ૃāŠĪ āŠŪંāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠ•āŠđે āŠ›ે : “āŠĶેāŠĩāŠĪાāŠ“āŠĻી āŠŪાāŠĪા āŠ…āŠĶિāŠĪીāŠĻા āŠļીāŠŪંāŠĪોāŠĻ્āŠĻāŠŊāŠĻ āŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•ાāŠ° āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠœાāŠŠāŠĪિāŠ“āŠĻે āŠ•āŠ°્āŠŊા āŠđāŠĪા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ…āŠĶિāŠĪીāŠĻા āŠŠેāŠŸે āŠĶેāŠĩāŠĪાāŠ“ āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪ્āŠŊા āŠđāŠĪા āŠāŠŪ āŠđું āŠļીāŠŪંāŠĪોāŠĻ્āŠĻāŠŊāŠĻ āŠķ્āŠ°ેāŠ·્āŠ  āŠ…āŠĻ...

āŠŠāŠĩિāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠ•ુāŠ°ાāŠĻ - āŠļાāŠ°ાંāŠķ

āŠĶāŠ°ેāŠ• āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠĻા āŠļિāŠĶ્āŠ§ાંāŠĪો āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪે āŠŪાāŠ°્āŠ—āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŪાāŠđિāŠĪી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĪું āŠļāŠ°્āŠĩāŠŪાāŠĻ્āŠŊ āŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ• āŠđોāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠđિāŠĻ્āŠĶુ āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠŪાં āŠŪāŠđાāŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪ – āŠ­āŠ—āŠĩāŠĶāŠ—ીāŠĪા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ°ાāŠŪાāŠŊāŠĢ āŠ›ે, āŠĪો āŠ–્āŠ°િāŠļ્āŠĪી āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠŪાં āŠŽાāŠˆāŠŽāŠē āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠķીāŠ– āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠŪાં āŠ—ુāŠ°ુāŠ—્āŠ°ંāŠĨāŠļાāŠđેāŠŽ āŠ›ે, āŠ āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠˆāŠļ્āŠēાāŠŪāŠŪાં āŠ•ુāŠ°ાāŠĻ āŠ›ે. āŠŪુāŠļ્āŠēિāŠŪોāŠĻે āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪ āŠ‰āŠŠāŠĶેāŠķ-āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠœીāŠĩāŠĩાāŠĻા āŠĻિāŠŊāŠŪો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠāŠŪāŠĻા āŠ­āŠ—āŠĩાāŠĻ āŠ…āŠē્āŠēાāŠđāŠĻી āŠ­āŠ•્āŠĪિāŠĻી āŠ°ીāŠĪો āŠ•ુāŠ°ાāŠĻāŠŪાં āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠĩી āŠ›ે. āŠđāŠāŠ°āŠĪ āŠŪāŠđંāŠŪāŠĶ āŠŠેāŠ—āŠŪ્āŠŽāŠ° āŠļાāŠ‰āŠĶી āŠ…āŠ°ેāŠŽિāŠŊાāŠĻા āŠŪāŠ•્āŠ•ા āŠķāŠđેāŠ°āŠŪાં āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪ્āŠŊા. āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĻી āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻી āŠšાāŠēીāŠķ āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·āŠĻી āŠ‰ંāŠŪāŠ°āŠĨી āŠķāŠ°ૂ āŠ•āŠ°ીāŠĻે āŠŽીāŠœા āŠĪ્āŠ°ેāŠĩીāŠļ āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ· āŠļુāŠ§ીāŠĻા āŠēાંāŠŽા āŠ—ાāŠģાāŠŪાં āŠˆ.āŠļ. āŦŽāŦ§āŦĶ āŠĨી āŦŽāŦĐāŦĻ āŠļુāŠ§ી āŠ…āŠē્āŠēાāŠđāŠŠાāŠ•ે āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻા āŠŦāŠ°િāŠļ્āŠĪાāŠ“ āŠŪાāŠ°āŠŦāŠĪે āŠ•ુāŠ°ાāŠĻ āŠķāŠ°ીāŠŦāŠĻું āŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠ†āŠŠ્āŠŊું. āŠĪેāŠĻા āŠēāŠ–ાāŠĢāŠĨી āŠŽāŠĻેāŠē āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ• āŠĪે āŠ•ુāŠ°ાāŠĻ. āŠ•ુāŠ°ાāŠĻ āŠķāŠ°ીāŠŦ āŠŦāŠ•્āŠĪ āŠŪુāŠļ્āŠēિāŠŪોāŠĻું āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ• āŠĻāŠĨી, āŠŽāŠē્āŠ•ે āŠĩિāŠķ્āŠĩāŠĻા āŠļāŠ˜āŠģા āŠˆāŠĻ્āŠķાāŠĻો āŠŪાāŠŸેāŠĻું āŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ• āŠ›ે. āŠ•ુāŠ°āŠĻāŠŪાં āŠāŠ• āŠ…āŠē્āŠēાāŠđāŠŠાāŠ•āŠĻે āŠœ āŠļāŠ°્āŠĩāŠķāŠ•્āŠĪિāŠŪાāŠĻ āŠŪાāŠĻીāŠĻે āŠĪેāŠĻી āŠˆāŠŽાāŠĶāŠĪ (āŠ‰āŠŠાāŠļāŠĻા) āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻું āŠ•āŠđ્āŠŊું āŠ›ે. āŠ…āŠē્āŠēાāŠđāŠŠાāŠ• āŠļિāŠĩાāŠŊ āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠŠāŠĢāŠĻે-āŠŽીāŠœાāŠĻે āŠļાāŠŪેāŠē (āŠķāŠ°ીāŠ•) āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠĻે āŠ—ુāŠĻેāŠ—ાāŠ° āŠ—āŠĢાāŠĩ્āŠŊો āŠ›ે. āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠĻે āŠ­ાāŠ—ીāŠĶાāŠ° āŠĻ āŠŽāŠĻાāŠĩો. āŠŪૂāŠ°્āŠĪિāŠŠૂāŠœા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ…āŠĻેāŠ•ેāŠķ્āŠĩāŠ°āŠĩાāŠĶ āŠˆāŠļ્āŠēાāŠŪāŠŪાં āŠ…āŠļ્āŠĩીāŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠ•ુāŠ°ાāŠĻ āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩāŠļāŠŪાāŠœāŠĻી āŠ†āŠ§્āŠŊાāŠĪ્āŠŪિāŠ• āŠļāŠŪāŠœāŠĢ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ‰āŠĪાāŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩ્āŠŊું āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠĩિāŠœ્āŠžા...

āŠŪāŠđાāŠœāŠĻāŠŠāŠĶો

āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪીāŠŊ āŠ‡āŠĪિāŠđાāŠļāŠĻા āŠœિāŠœ્āŠžાāŠļુ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠļિંāŠ§ુ āŠ–ીāŠĢāŠĻી āŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•ૃāŠĪિ (āŠˆ.āŠŠૂ. āŦĻāŦŦāŦĶāŦĶ - āŦ§āŦ­āŦŦāŦĶ) āŠŽાāŠĶ āŠĩૈāŠĶિāŠ• āŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•ૃāŠĪિāŠĻી āŠĩાāŠĪ (āŠˆ.āŠŠૂ. āŦ§āŦŦāŦĶāŦĶ - āŦŽāŦĶāŦĶ) āŠļāŠŪāŠœ્āŠŊા āŠŠāŠ›ીāŠĻો āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪીāŠŊ āŠ°ાāŠœāŠ•ીāŠŊ āŠ‡āŠĪિāŠđાāŠļ āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠĩāŠĩા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŪāŠđાāŠœāŠĻāŠŠāŠĶોāŠĻી āŠĩિāŠ—āŠĪો āŠœાāŠĢāŠĩી āŠŠāŠĄે. āŠ•āŠĶાāŠš āŠŪāŠđાāŠœāŠĻāŠŠāŠĶો āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠœાāŠĢ āŠŪુāŠœāŠŽāŠĻો āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĨāŠŪ āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠĩāŠļ્āŠĨિāŠĪ āŠĻોંāŠ§ાāŠŊેāŠē āŠēેāŠ–િāŠĪ āŠ‡āŠĪિāŠđાāŠļ āŠ›ે, āŠāŠŪ āŠ•āŠđીāŠ āŠĪો āŠ–ોāŠŸું āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠĪો āŠšાāŠēો āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĨāŠŪ āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪીāŠŊ āŠ‡āŠĪિāŠđાāŠļāŠŪાં āŠŪāŠđાāŠœāŠĻ āŠŠāŠĶોāŠĻી āŠŪાāŠđિāŠĪી āŠēāŠˆ āŠĩિāŠ—āŠĪે āŠœાāŠĢીāŠ. āŠŪāŠđાāŠœāŠĻ āŠŠāŠĶો   (āŠ‡.āŠļ.āŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĩે āŦŽāŦĶāŦĶ - āŦŠāŦĶāŦĶ)  āŠŪૌāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠŊુāŠ— āŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĩે āŠĻો āŠļāŠŪāŠŊ  āŠ—āŠĢāŠĪંāŠĪ્āŠ° (Republican) : āŠ°ાāŠœ્āŠŊ āŠĪંāŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĻા āŠ•ેāŠĻ્āŠĶ્āŠ°āŠļ્āŠĨાāŠĻે āŠ°ાāŠœા āŠĻāŠđીં, āŠŠāŠ°ંāŠĪુ āŠœāŠĻāŠ—āŠĢે āŠšુંāŠŸેāŠēા āŠļāŠ­્āŠŊોāŠĻી āŠŠāŠ°િāŠ·āŠĶ āŠđāŠĪી.āŠ°ાāŠœ્āŠŊāŠĪંāŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĻા āŠĻિāŠ°્āŠĢāŠŊો āŠļંāŠĨાāŠ—ાāŠ°āŠŪાં āŠŪāŠģāŠĪી āŠŠāŠ°િāŠ·āŠĶāŠĻા āŠļāŠ­્āŠŊો āŠĻિāŠŊāŠĪ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠēોāŠ•āŠķાāŠđી āŠŠāŠĶ્āŠ§āŠĪિāŠĨી āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪા. āŠŽેāŠ āŠ•āŠŪાં āŠļāŠ­્āŠŊોāŠĻા āŠ†āŠļāŠĻોāŠĻી āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠĩāŠļ્āŠĨા āŠ°āŠđેāŠĪી. āŠ“āŠ›ાāŠŪાં āŠ“āŠ›ી āŠ…āŠŪુāŠ• āŠļāŠ­્āŠŊોāŠĻી āŠđાāŠœāŠ°ી (āŠ•ોāŠ°āŠŪ) āŠŦāŠ°āŠœિāŠŊાāŠĪ āŠ†āŠĩāŠķ્āŠŊāŠ• āŠ—āŠĢાāŠĪી. āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠļ્āŠĪાāŠĩ āŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĢ āŠĩાāŠ° āŠŪોāŠŸેāŠĨી āŠ°āŠœૂ āŠ•āŠ°ાāŠĪો-āŠŪોāŠŸેāŠĨી āŠĻિāŠŊāŠŪāŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĩāŠ• āŠĩાંāŠšāŠĻ āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠāŠĻી āŠļાāŠŪે āŠ•ંāŠˆ āŠĩાંāŠ§ા āŠ°āŠœૂ āŠĻ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠĪો āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠļ્āŠĪાāŠĩ āŠļāŠ°્āŠĩાāŠĻૂāŠŪāŠĪિāŠĨી āŠŠāŠļાāŠ° āŠĨāŠŊેāŠē āŠ—āŠĢાāŠĪો. āŠŪāŠĪāŠĶાāŠĻ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ–ુāŠē્āŠēી, āŠ•ાāŠĻāŠŪાં āŠ•āŠđેāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠœુāŠĶા āŠœુāŠĶા āŠ°ંāŠ—āŠĻી āŠķāŠēાāŠ•ા (āŠļāŠģી ) āŠ‰āŠŠાāŠĄāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠāŠŪ āŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĢ āŠŠāŠĶ્āŠ§āŠĪિāŠ“ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠšāŠēિāŠĪ āŠđāŠĪી. āŠĩાāŠ°āŠļાāŠ—āŠĪ (Hereditary) : āŠ°ાāŠœા āŠĻો āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠĩાāŠ°āŠļāŠĶા...

āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪું (Will)

āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪું āŠāŠ• āŠēāŠ–ાāŠĢ (Document) āŠ›ે āŠœેāŠĻા āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠŪિāŠēāŠ•āŠĪāŠĻા āŠ­ાāŠ—āŠēા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŦેāŠ°āŠŽāŠĶāŠē (Transfer) āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻા āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુ āŠŽાāŠĶ āŠĻિāŠ°્āŠĶેāŠ·ીāŠĪ āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠĪિāŠ“ āŠ•ે āŠļંāŠļ્āŠĨાāŠĻે āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠ•ાāŠĻૂāŠĻી(Legal) āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠŪાāŠĻ્āŠŊ āŠĶāŠļ્āŠĪાāŠĩેāŠœ-āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪું āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠŪિāŠēāŠ•āŠĪāŠĻી āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻા āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુ āŠŽાāŠĶ āŠĩāŠđેંāŠšāŠĢી āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪે āŠŪાāŠđિāŠĪી āŠ†āŠŠે āŠ›ે. āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪ āŠēāŠ–āŠĩાāŠĻો āŠđેāŠĪુ āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻું āŠŪāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ‡āŠš્āŠ›ાāŠĻે āŠļāŠ°āŠģāŠĪાāŠĨી āŠ•āŠđેāŠĩાāŠĻો āŠ›ે.  āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪું āŠŪિāŠēāŠ•āŠĪ āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĻાāŠ° āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠŠāŠĢ āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠĪિ āŠĩાāŠ°āŠļāŠĶાāŠ°ોāŠĻે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠˆāŠš્āŠ›ા āŠœāŠĢાāŠĩāŠĩા āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે  āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪ āŦ§āŦŪ āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·āŠĨી āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ°āŠĻો āŠŠુāŠ–્āŠĪ āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠĪિ (āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ી āŠ•ે āŠŠુāŠ°ુāŠ·) āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે.  āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪ āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠŪાāŠĻāŠļિāŠ• āŠđાāŠēāŠĪ āŠļ્āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĨ āŠđોāŠĩી āŠœોāŠˆāŠ.  āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪ āŠēāŠ–āŠĩાāŠĻી āŠļāŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°ી āŠāŠœāŠĻ્āŠļી āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠŪāŠĻાāŠˆ āŠĻ āŠŦāŠ°āŠŪાāŠĩેāŠē āŠđોāŠĩું āŠœોāŠˆāŠ. āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠŽેāŠŸ (Probate) Indian Succession Act, 1925 Section 2 āŠŪુāŠœāŠŽ āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠŽેāŠŸ āŠŊોāŠ—્āŠŊ āŠĻ્āŠŊાāŠŊાāŠēāŠŊ āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪાāŠĻી āŠ•ાāŠŊāŠĶેāŠļāŠ°(Legation) āŠļāŠš્āŠšાāŠˆ(Correction) āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŪાāŠĢિāŠ•āŠĪાāŠĻી(Genuineness) āŠ–ાāŠĪāŠ°ી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĪો āŠđુāŠ•āŠŪ (Decree) āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠķ્āŠšિāŠŪ āŠŽંāŠ—ાāŠģ, āŠŽિāŠđાāŠ°, āŠ“āŠ°િāŠļ્āŠļા, āŠ†āŠļાāŠŪ āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ°ાંāŠĪ āŠĶિāŠē્āŠđી, āŠŪુંāŠŽāŠˆ, āŠ…āŠĻે āŠšેāŠĻ્āŠĻāŠˆ āŠĻો āŠŪ્āŠŊુāŠĻિāŠļિāŠŠāŠē āŠ•ોāŠ°્āŠŠોāŠ°ેāŠķāŠĻ āŠđāŠĶ āŠĻા āŠ°āŠđેāŠĩાāŠļીāŠ“ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠŽેāŠŸ āŠŦāŠ°āŠœિāŠŊાāŠĪ āŠ›ે āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુāŠĻા āŠļાāŠĪ āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļ āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠŽેāŠŸ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ…āŠ°āŠœી āŠĨāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. Indian Succession ...

āŠŽૌāŠĶ્āŠ§ āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪ

āŠēāŠ—āŠ­āŠ— 2500 āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ· āŠŠāŠđેāŠēા āŠŽીāŠœી āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠ•āŠđીāŠ āŠĪો āŠˆ. āŠŠૂ. 500 āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ· āŠŠāŠđેāŠēા āŠĩિāŠķ્āŠĩāŠŪાં āŠĩિāŠšાāŠ° āŠ•્āŠ°ાંāŠĪિ āŠĨāŠˆ āŠđāŠĪી. āŠāŠ•ી āŠļાāŠĨે āŠĩિāŠķ્āŠĩāŠŪાં āŠœે āŠĪે āŠļāŠŪāŠŊāŠ—ાāŠģાāŠŪાં āŠĩિāŠšાāŠ°āŠ•, āŠ•્āŠ°ાંāŠĪિāŠ•ાāŠ°, āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠļ્āŠĨાāŠŠāŠ• āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŦીāŠēāŠļૂāŠŦ āŠāŠĩા āŠļોāŠ•્āŠ°ેāŠŸિāŠļ, āŠ•āŠĻ્āŠŦāŠŊુāŠķ્āŠŊāŠļ āŠŠ્āŠēેāŠŸો, āŠāŠ°િāŠļ્āŠŸોāŠŸāŠē āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĪાāŠ“ āŠļાāŠĨે āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠ­āŠ—āŠĩાāŠĻ āŠŽુāŠĶ્āŠ§ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ­āŠ—āŠĩાāŠĻ āŠŪāŠđાāŠĩીāŠ° āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪ્āŠŊા āŠđāŠĪા. āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĢે āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩāŠļāŠŪાāŠœ્āŠŪા āŠŠāŠĄેāŠēો āŠļāŠĄો āŠļુāŠ§ાāŠ°āŠĩા āŠ•āŠ ોāŠ° āŠĪāŠŠ āŠ•āŠ°ી, āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩāŠĩાāŠĶāŠĻી āŠķોāŠ§ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠđāŠĪી. āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠŪ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠŽ્āŠ°ાāŠđ્āŠŪāŠĢ, āŠĩૈāŠķ્āŠŊ, āŠ•્āŠ·āŠĪ્āŠ°િāŠŊ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠķુāŠĶ્āŠ° āŠœેāŠĩા āŠšાāŠ° āŠĩāŠ°્āŠĢોāŠŪાં āŠŽ્āŠ°ાāŠđ્āŠŪāŠĢોāŠĻી āŠ‰āŠš્āŠšāŠĪા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠķ્āŠ°ેāŠ·્āŠ āŠĪા āŠļ્āŠĨાāŠŠિāŠĪ āŠĨāŠˆ āŠđāŠĪી, āŠĪે āŠĩાāŠĪ āŠ–ાāŠļ āŠ•āŠ°ીāŠĻે āŠĩૈāŠķ્āŠŊāŠĻે āŠ—āŠŪāŠĪી āŠĻāŠđોāŠĪી. āŠŽ્āŠ°ાāŠđ્āŠŪāŠĢોāŠ āŠ–āŠ°્āŠšાāŠģ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ—ૂંāŠšāŠĩāŠĢ āŠ­āŠ°ેāŠēી āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠĶāŠ°āŠŪ્āŠŊાāŠĻāŠĻી āŠļોāŠģ āŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠļોāŠģ āŠĩિāŠ§િāŠ“āŠŪાં āŠļāŠŪાāŠœāŠĻે āŠđેāŠ°ાāŠĻ āŠŠાāŠĄી āŠĶીāŠ§ો āŠđāŠĪો. āŠĩāŠģી āŠēોāŠ•ોāŠĻે āŠĻ āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠŊ āŠāŠĩી āŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•ૃāŠĪ āŠ­ાāŠ·ાāŠŪાં āŠĩિāŠ§િ āŠ•āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĪા āŠđāŠĪા. āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ°ાંāŠĪ āŠ•્āŠ·ુāŠĶ્āŠ°āŠĩāŠ°્āŠĢāŠĻે āŠ“āŠ›ા āŠĩāŠģāŠĪāŠ°āŠŪાં āŠļāŠ–āŠĪ āŠŠāŠ°િāŠķ્āŠ°āŠŪ āŠ•āŠ°ાāŠĩ્āŠŊા āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ…āŠķ્āŠŊૃāŠķ્āŠŊāŠĪાāŠĻું āŠ…āŠŠāŠŪાāŠĻ āŠļāŠđેāŠĩું āŠŠāŠĄ્āŠŊું, āŠĪે āŠ•āŠ·્āŠŸāŠĶાāŠŊāŠ• āŠĨāŠˆ āŠŠāŠĄ્āŠŊું āŠđāŠĪું. āŠŊāŠœ્āŠžāŠŪાં āŠŠāŠķુāŠ“āŠĻા āŠŽāŠēીāŠĻે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે āŠ–ેāŠĪીāŠĻે āŠļāŠđāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩું āŠŠāŠĄāŠĪું āŠđāŠĪું āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ°ે āŠēોāŠ•āŠŽોāŠēી āŠŠાāŠēીāŠŪાં āŠ‰āŠŠāŠĶેāŠķ āŠ†āŠŠી āŠļāŠ°્āŠĩ āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩોāŠĻે āŠļāŠĻ્āŠŪાāŠĻ āŠĶāŠ°āŠœ્āŠœો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŪાāŠĻ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĪો āŠŽુāŠĶ્āŠ§ āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪ āŠĻા āŠļ્āŠĨāŠŠાāŠŊ āŠĪો āŠœ āŠĻāŠĩાāŠˆ! āŠ†āŠŪ āŠļāŠŪāŠŊāŠĻી āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ°િāŠŊાāŠĪ āŠļંāŠĪોāŠ·āŠĩા āŠŽે āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪો: āŠŽુāŠĶ્āŠ§ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠœૈāŠĻ āŠ§āŠ°...

āŠ†āŠĶિāŠ•āŠĩિ āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪા

āŠļૌāŠ°ાāŠ·્āŠŸ્āŠ° āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠĩીāŠ°ો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļંāŠĪોāŠĻી āŠ­ૂāŠŪિ, āŠĪેāŠĻું āŠĻાāŠ—āŠ°ીāŠ°āŠĪ્āŠĻ āŠœુāŠĻાāŠ—āŠĒāŠĻિāŠĩાāŠļી āŠ—ૃāŠđāŠļ્āŠĨ āŠ—િāŠ°āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠŠંāŠšાāŠˆāŠĻા āŠ•āŠĩિ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ­āŠ•્āŠĪ āŠĪે āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪા! āŠŪીāŠ°ા, āŠ•āŠŽીāŠ° āŠ•ે āŠĪુāŠēāŠļીāŠĶાāŠļ āŠœેāŠĩો āŠ­āŠ•્āŠĪāŠ•āŠĩિ āŠŠāŠ°āŠŪ āŠļંāŠĪ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ—ુāŠœāŠ°ાāŠĪી āŠļાāŠđિāŠĪ્āŠŊāŠĻો āŠŪāŠđાāŠĻ āŠļāŠ•્āŠ·āŠŪ āŠ•āŠĩિ āŠĪે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢો āŠĻāŠ°āŠļૈāŠŊો . āŠļાāŠĶાāŠˆ, āŠļāŠ°āŠģāŠĪા, āŠŽેāŠŦિāŠ•āŠ°āŠŠāŠĢું āŠœેāŠĩા āŠ—ુāŠĢો āŠļાāŠĨે āŠĻાāŠ—āŠ°ોāŠĻી āŠŸીāŠ•ાāŠĻે āŠ…āŠĩāŠ—āŠĢી āŠđāŠ°િāŠœāŠĻો āŠĩāŠš્āŠšે āŠŽેāŠļી āŠ­āŠœāŠĻો āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ­ોāŠœāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪા āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪા āŠ…āŠļ્āŠŠૃāŠķ્āŠŊāŠĪા āŠ†āŠ­āŠĄāŠ›ેāŠĄāŠĻા āŠŠાંāŠš āŠķāŠĪāŠ• āŠŠāŠđેāŠēાંāŠĻા āŠļāŠŪાāŠœāŠŪાં āŠ•āŠē્āŠŠāŠĩું āŠŪુāŠķ્āŠ•ેāŠē āŠ›ે. āŠđāŠ°િāŠœāŠĻ āŠ‰āŠĶ્āŠ§ાāŠ° āŠ•ે āŠāŠĩી āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠŪોāŠŸાāŠˆ āŠĩāŠ—āŠ° āŠ‰āŠš્āŠšāŠĻીāŠšāŠĻા āŠĩાāŠĄા āŠ­ેāŠĶી āŠđāŠģāŠĩું āŠŪāŠģāŠĩું āŠœેāŠĩું āŠ–ૂāŠŽ āŠđિંāŠŪāŠĪ āŠĻું āŠ•ાāŠŪ āŠĪેāŠ“ āŠœ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠļંāŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĢ āŠķāŠ°āŠĢાāŠ—āŠĪિ (Total Surrender) āŠ•ે āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠļાāŠ•્āŠ·ીāŠ­ાāŠĩ (Be Witness) āŠœેāŠĩા āŠ—ીāŠĪાāŠĻા āŠ‰āŠŠāŠĶેāŠķો āŠ†āŠĪ્āŠŪāŠļાāŠĪ āŠ•āŠ°ેāŠēા āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠŪāŠđાāŠĻ āŠ•ૃāŠ·્āŠĢāŠ­āŠ•્āŠĪ āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪાāŠĻે āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠķંāŠķાāŠĻા āŠķāŠŽ્āŠĶો āŠŪāŠģāŠĪા āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ•ૃāŠ·્āŠĢ āŠ­āŠ•્āŠĪિ-āŠ­āŠœāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļંāŠļાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠļાંāŠļાāŠ°ીāŠ• āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪોāŠŪાં āŠļંāŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĢ āŠĻāŠšિંāŠĪāŠŠાāŠĢુંāŠļāŠŪāŠœāŠĩું āŠļāŠđેāŠēું āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠķાāŠŪāŠģāŠķાāŠĻો āŠĩિāŠĩાāŠđ, āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ી āŠ•ુંāŠĩāŠ°āŠŽાāŠˆāŠĻું āŠŪાāŠŪેāŠ°ુ, āŠđૂંāŠĄી āŠēāŠ–ી āŠļ્āŠĩીāŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻીāŠ†āŠķા āŠ°ાāŠ–āŠĩી, āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠķાāŠŪāŠģāŠķા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠāŠĪ્āŠĻી āŠŪાāŠĢેāŠ•āŠŽાāŠˆāŠĻા āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુ āŠļāŠŪāŠŊે āŠĩિāŠ°āŠ•્āŠĪāŠ­ાāŠĩāŠĻાāŠĨી “āŠ­āŠēું āŠĨāŠŊું āŠ­ાંāŠ—ી āŠœંāŠœાāŠģ” āŠ—ાāŠĪા āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪા āŠ•āŠē્āŠŠāŠĩા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļāŠŪāŠœāŠĩા āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ–ૂāŠŽ āŠŠંāŠšી āŠŪાāŠĻāŠļિāŠ• āŠļ્āŠĨિāŠĪિāŠ āŠŠāŠđોંāŠšāŠĩું āŠŠāŠĄે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠļૌ...

āŠŪāŠđાāŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪ

āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŦĻāŦŦāŦĶāŦĶ āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ· āŠŠāŠđેāŠēાં, āŠļંāŠļ્āŠ•ૃāŠĪāŠŪાં āŠĩ્āŠŊાāŠļāŠŪુāŠĻી āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠēāŠ–ાāŠŊેāŠē āŠŪāŠđાāŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪ āŠĩિāŠ·ે āŠāŠŸāŠēું āŠœાāŠĢીāŠ āŠ•ે āŠĪે āŦ§āŦŪ āŠēાāŠ– āŠķāŠŽ્āŠĶોāŠĨી āŠŽે āŠēાāŠ– āŠēીāŠŸીāŠŪાં āŠāŠ• āŠēાāŠ– āŠķ્āŠēોāŠ•ોāŠĩાāŠģું āŠđિંāŠĶુāŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠĻી āŠŪાāŠđિāŠĪી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠœ્āŠžાāŠĻ āŠ†āŠŠāŠĪું āŠēાંāŠŽાāŠŪાં āŠēાંāŠŽી āŠ•āŠĩિāŠĪાāŠĻું āŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ• āŠ›ે.  āŠ† āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ•āŠŪાં āŠđāŠ•ીāŠ•āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠ…āŠĒાāŠ° āŠŠāŠ°્āŠĩ-āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠ•ે āŠ…āŠĒાāŠ° āŠ…āŠ§્āŠŊાāŠŊāŠŪાં āŠ•ુāŠ°ુāŠ•્āŠ·ેāŠĪ્āŠ°āŠĻા āŠŪેāŠĶાāŠĻāŠŪાં āŠļો āŠ•ૌāŠ°āŠĩો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠાંāŠš āŠŠાંāŠĄāŠĩો (āŠŽāŠĻ્āŠĻે āŠŠāŠ•્āŠ·ે āŠŠિāŠĪ્āŠ°ાāŠˆāŠ­ાāŠˆāŠ“) āŠĩāŠš્āŠšે āŠēāŠĄાāŠŊેāŠē āŠŊુāŠĶ્āŠ§āŠĻી āŠĩિāŠ—āŠĪāŠĩાāŠ° āŠ•āŠĨા āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠĩાāŠ°્āŠĪા āŠĩ્āŠŊાāŠļāŠŪુāŠĻીāŠĻા āŠĩિāŠĶ્āŠŊાāŠ°્āŠĨી āŠāŠĩા āŠĩૈāŠķાāŠŪāŠŠાāŠŊāŠĻે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĨāŠŪāŠĩાāŠ° āŠĩાંāŠšીāŠĻે āŠĪāŠ•્āŠ·āŠķિāŠēા āŠ–ાāŠĪે āŠ…āŠ°્āŠœુāŠĻāŠĻા āŠŠૌāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠāŠĩા āŠ°ાāŠœા āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪેāŠœāŠŊ āŠĻે āŠļંāŠ­āŠģાāŠĩી āŠ›ે. āŠĩૈāŠķāŠŪāŠŠાāŠŊāŠĻે āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪેāŠœāŠŊāŠĻે āŠ•āŠđી āŠļાંāŠ­āŠģāŠĩી āŠĪે āŠ§āŠ°્āŠŪāŠ•āŠĨા āŠĪે āŠŪāŠđાāŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪ. āŠŪāŠĻે āŠ–āŠŽāŠ° āŠ›ે āŠĪāŠŪાāŠ°ે āŠŦāŠ•્āŠĪ āŠ•āŠĨાāŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુ āŠŸૂંāŠ•ાāŠĢāŠŪાં āŠœ āŠœાāŠĢāŠĩી āŠ›ે- āŠ…āŠĒાāŠ° āŠēાāŠ– āŠķāŠŽ્āŠĶો āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠ•āŠđેāŠĩાāŠŊેāŠē āŠĩાāŠĪ āŠđું āŠ…āŠĒાāŠ° āŠŠાāŠĻાāŠŪાં āŠ•āŠĨાāŠĻું āŠđાāŠ°્āŠĶ āŠļāŠŪāŠœાāŠŊ āŠŠāŠĢ āŠēંāŠŽાāŠĢ āŠĻ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ āŠ°ીāŠĪે) āŠ•āŠđેāŠĩાāŠĻો āŠĻāŠŪ્āŠ° āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊાāŠļ āŠ•āŠ°ું āŠ›ું.   āŠ•ૌāŠŸુંāŠŽિāŠ• āŠŠāŠ°િāŠšāŠŊ āŠŪāŠđાāŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠĻી āŠķāŠ°ૂāŠ†āŠĪ āŠ•ુāŠ°ુāŠĩંāŠķāŠĻો āŠˆāŠĪિāŠđાāŠļ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ•ુāŠŸુંāŠŽāŠĩૃāŠ•્āŠ· (Family Tree) āŠĻા āŠŠāŠ°િāŠšāŠŊ āŠĨી āŠ†āŠĶિāŠŠāŠ°્āŠĩ āŠŪાં āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે. āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ° āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠļāŠ­ાāŠŠāŠ°્āŠĩ āŠŪાં āŠ•ૌāŠ°āŠĩો-āŠŠાંāŠĄāŠĩો āŠĩāŠš્āŠšે āŠ°āŠŪાāŠŊેāŠē āŠ§ૃāŠĪ āŠœૂāŠ—āŠŸું āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠાંāŠĄāŠĩોāŠĻી āŠđાāŠ° āŠĻી āŠ•āŠĨા āŠ›ે. āŠĪેāŠ° āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·āŠŪાંāŠĨી āŠŠāŠđેāŠēાં āŠŽાāŠ° āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·āŠĻા āŠĩāŠĻāŠĩાāŠļāŠĻું āŠĩāŠ°્āŠĢāŠĻ āŠĩāŠĻāŠŠāŠ°્āŠĩ āŠŪાં...

āŠ…ંāŠ—āŠĶāŠĻો āŠŠāŠ— - āŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ• āŠŠāŠ°િāŠšāŠŊ

āŠāŠ• āŠœ āŠŽેāŠ āŠ•āŠŪાં āŠ•ે āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠļāŠģંāŠ— āŠĩાંāŠšāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠ‰āŠĪ્āŠ•ંāŠ ા āŠœાāŠ—ે āŠāŠĩી āŠ† āŠĻāŠĩāŠēāŠ•āŠĨાāŠĻો āŠŠāŠ°િāŠšāŠŊ āŠ•āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠĻો āŠĻāŠŪ્āŠ° āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊાāŠļ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠ–ૂāŠŽ āŠ†āŠĻંāŠĶ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે.  āŠ­ુāŠœ āŠ°āŠđેāŠĪા, āŠđાāŠē 74 āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·ીāŠŊ, āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢાં āŠēેāŠ–āŠ• āŠķ્āŠ°ી āŠđāŠ°ેāŠķ āŠ§ોāŠģāŠ•િāŠŊા āŠœિંāŠĶāŠ—ીāŠĻા 25 āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ· āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠđāŠĪા. āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ†āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķ āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠ•āŠĻા āŠāŠ• āŠēāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠĪāŠ°ીāŠ•ે āŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ•ો āŠĩાંāŠšāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠļāŠ°āŠļ āŠŸેāŠĩ āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĪા āŠđāŠĪા. āŠĪે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે 1945 āŠŪાં āŠēāŠ–ાāŠŊેāŠē 1930 āŠĻી āŠ•āŠĨાāŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુ āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĪી āŠēેāŠ–િāŠ•ા āŠˆāŠŊાāŠĻ āŠđેāŠĻ્āŠĄ āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠēિāŠ–િāŠĪ āŠŽે āŠĻāŠĩāŠēāŠ•āŠĨાāŠ“ āŠĩાંāŠšે āŠ›ે - 700+ āŠŠાāŠĻાંāŠĻી Fountain Head (āŠŦાāŠ‰āŠĻ્āŠŸāŠĻ āŠđેāŠĄ) āŠļાāŠĪ-āŠļાāŠĪ āŠĩાāŠ° āŠļāŠģંāŠ— āŠĩાંāŠšી āŠĪો 1150+ āŠŠાāŠĻાં āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĪી Atlas Shrugged (āŠāŠŸāŠēાāŠļ āŠķ્āŠ°āŠ—્āŠĄ) āŠŠāŠĢ āŠļāŠģંāŠ— āŠ…āŠĩાāŠ°āŠĻāŠĩાāŠ° āŠĩાંāŠšી. 1988āŠĻા āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·ે āŠĨāŠŊેāŠē āŠ† āŠ…āŠ•āŠļ્āŠŪાāŠĪ(!) āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠĻāŠĩāŠēāŠ•āŠĨાāŠĻું āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪāŠļ્āŠĨાāŠĻ āŠ›ે.  āŠŦાāŠ‰āŠĻ્āŠŸāŠĻ āŠđેāŠĄ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠāŠŸāŠēાāŠļ āŠķ્āŠ°āŠ—્āŠĄ āŠĻāŠĩāŠēāŠ•āŠĨાāŠ“ āŠ°āŠķિāŠŊāŠĻ āŠēેāŠ–િāŠ•ા āŠˆāŠŊાāŠĻ āŠđેāŠĻ્āŠĄે āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ા āŠœāŠˆāŠĻે āŠēāŠ–ી āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŽāŠĻ્āŠĻેāŠĻી 64 āŠēાāŠ– āŠĨી āŠĩāŠ§ુ āŠĻāŠ•āŠēો āŠĩિāŠķ્āŠĩāŠ­āŠ°āŠŪાં āŠĩંāŠšાāŠŊ āŠšૂāŠ•ી āŠ›ે. āŠŽāŠĻ્āŠĻે āŠŪાં āŠēેāŠ–āŠ•āŠĻે “āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩ āŠķ્āŠ°ેāŠ·્āŠ āŠĪ્āŠĩ” āŠĻા āŠ…āŠĶ્āŠĶāŠ­ૂāŠĪ āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķāŠĻ āŠĨāŠŊા āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ°ાંāŠĪ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĪિāŠ­ાāŠķાāŠģી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļાāŠŪાāŠĻ્āŠŊ (First Raters and Second Raters)āŠĻું āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠĨāŠŊેāŠēાં āŠĩāŠ°્āŠĢāŠĻ āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĢે āŠ†āŠĪ્āŠŪāŠķાāŠĪ āŠ•āŠ°્āŠŊું āŠ›ે.  āŠŠāŠđેāŠēા āŠēેāŠ–āŠ•āŠķ્āŠ°ીāŠĻા āŠŪિāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠķ્āŠ°ી āŠļુāŠ°ેāŠķāŠ­ાāŠˆ āŠŠāŠ°ીāŠ–ે āŠāŠŸāŠēાāŠļ āŠķ્āŠ°āŠ—્āŠĄāŠĻું āŠ­ાāŠ·ાંāŠĪāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા āŠļૂāŠšāŠĩ્āŠŊું. āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ° āŠŠāŠ›ી...

Dawood Ibrahim - A Journey From Dongri To Karachi, Via Dubai

One of the recent off-bit topics I’ve read, this one book about ‘Mumbai Mafia’ has been the most interesting, well-researched and well-written. Here is an excerpt from Dawood Ibrahim's journey from “Dongri to Dubai”, and the six decades of Mumbai mafia.

Chakravarti Samrat Vikramaditya

Chakravarty Samrat Vikramaditya (102 BC – 15 AD) We are discussing a king who was Chakravarty  - which literally means the ruler of the kingdom in all four directions without any other king challenging him. His name Vikramaditya means ‘Vikram’ – one who is wise, brave, moral, and victorious + ‘Aditya’ meaning ‘of Aditi’, Newly rising sun, sun God. So he was “mighty as Sun”. There was no other emperor comparable to him. Fourteen Indian kings gave him the title of Vikramaditya. This legendary king started his rule at the age of 20 at the coronation at Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh) India. He was the son of parents Gandharvasen and Virmati. He had one elder sister Menavati and elder brother Bharthuhari. His elder brother became a saint and went to the forest under teacher Gorakhnath, who later guided King Vikramaditya as well. He was the father of his son Vikramsena. Historian Abhijit Chavada says: Old historians tell this story of Vikramaditya as a myth and do not agree. In fact, they are ...