Let’s first understand the word “history”.

1400 BC to 1300 BC	Raja Bharat was ruling India with Hastinapur as capital. His two sons Pandu having five sons - Pandavas and Dhrutarastra having 100 sons - Kauravas.
1200 BC	Raja Dashratha and later his son Ram ruled India with Ayodhya as its capital.
563 BC to 483 BC	Gautam Buddha established religion "Buddha" leaving to rule and becoming a saint.
540 BC to 458 BC	Bhagwan Mahavir formed "Jain" religion.
327 BC	Sikandar (Alexandar - The great)

321 BC to 300 BC	Chandragupta Maurya
300 BC to 272 BC	Bindusar
273 BC to 232 BC	Ashok - the great
190 BC	Demetrius of Bektria won over India and ruled.
100 BC to 500 AD	Shak Rulers (alias - Sithian), Turk and Bektians

275	Shree Gupta
300 – 320	Ghototkach
320 – 330	Chandragupta I
330 – 340	Samdragupta Ramgupta Chandragupta II (a/s Vikramaditya)
341 – 455	Kumar Gupta
455 – 468	Skandgupta
469	Purugupta Buddhagupta I Narsinh Gupta Kumar Gupta II Buddhagupta II

	Raja Torman
	Raja Mihirgul

606	Harsh Vardhan (Capital: Kannauj)

606	Harsh Vardhan (Capital: Kannauj)
783 – 795	Vatsaraj
795 – 833	Nag Bhatt
833 – 836	Ram Bhatt
836 – 889	Mihir Bhoj (alias Bhoj I)

750 – 770	Gopal I
770 – 810	Dharmapala
810 – 850	Devpal Vigrahapal I Narayanpal Rajyapal Gopal II
975	Jaipal (Capital: Lahore)
988	Vigrahapal II
988   - 1038	Nanopal I
1038 – 1055	Naipal
1055 – 1072	Vigrahalpal III
1073 – 1130	Rampal

790 – 1019

Parmar Dynasty

	Vijayalaya
	Rajaram
	Rajendra

1095 – 1158	Vijay Sen
1158 – 1178	Vallal Sen
1178 – 1205	Laxman Sen

1104 – 1114	Raja Chaudradev Raja Madanpal Raja Govindchandra
1154 – 1170	Vijaychandra
1170 – 1194	Jaichand

942 – 955	Mulraj I
997 – 1000	Chamundra
1000 – 1022	Durlabhraj
1022 – 1074	Bhimraj I
1094 – 1143	Siddhraj Jaisinh
1143 – 1173	Kumarpal
1173 – 1178	Mulraj II

996 – 1030	Mahmud Gijani
1030 – 1031	Mohamad
1031 – 1040	Masaud I
1040 – 1051	Maududi
1051 – 1052	Abdul Rashid
1052 – 1058	Fakarusad
1058 – 1098	Ibrahim
1098 – 1118	Masaud II
1118 – 1121	Arsalan
1121 – 1152	Bahram
1152 – 1159	Khusharn
1159 – 1186	Khusharn Malek

1186 – 1206

Shahabuddin a/s Mohmad Ghori

1206 – 1210	Kutumudin Aibak
1210 – 1211	Aaram Shah
1211 – 1236	Iltutmis
1236	Rukunudin Firozshah
1236 – 1240	Riziya Sultana
1240 – 1242	Behram Shah
1242 – 1246	Allahudin Masud Shah
1246 – 1265	Narisarudin Balbun
1265 – 1287	Gyasuddin Balban
1287 – 1290	Kaikubad
1290	Kayumars

1290 – 1296	Jalaluddin Firoz Khilji
1296 – 1316	Allaudin Khilji
1316	Shahabuddin Umar
1316 – 1320	Kutubbuddin Mubarak Khilji
1320	Nasruddin Khushro Shah

1320 – 1325	Gyasuddin Tuglak
1325 – 1351	Muhammad Tuglak
1351 - 1388	Firoz Tuglak
1388 – 1389	Gyasuddin Tuglak II
1389 – 1390	Abu Bakra
1390 – 1394	Muhammad
1394 – 1395	Humayun
1395 – 1414	Nasruddin Muhammad

1414 – 1421	Khrijra Khan
1421 – 1434	Mubarak Shah
1434 – 1445	Muhammad Shah
1445 – 1450	Allauddin Allam Shah

1451 – 1489	Bahlol Lodi
1489 – 1517	Sikander Lodi
1517 – 1526	Ibrahim Lodi

1336 – 1485	Sangam Vansh	Harihar Bukka
1485 – 1505	Saluv Vansh	Narsinh Saluv
1505 – 1570	Tuluv Vansh	Vir Narsinh
1570 – 1650	Aravidu Vansh	Teerumalav

1336 – 1365	Harihar I
1365 – 1377	Bikkarai
1377 – 1404	Harihar II
1404 – 1406	Harihar II
1406 – 1410	Devrai I
1410 – 1419	Virvijay
1419 – 1446	Devrai II
1447 – 1467	Mallikarjun
1467 – 1478	Virupaxarai
1478 – 1486	Padirai
1486 – 1492	Narsinh Saluv
150 1516 – 1530	Krishnadev Rai

1526 – 1530	Babar
1530 – 1540	Humayun
1540 – 1555	Afghan Ruler Sherkhan (alias Shershah)**
1555 – 1556	Humayun
1556 – 1605	Akbar
1605 – 1627	Jahangir
1628 – 1658	Shah Jahan
1658 – 1707	Aurangzeb
1707 – 1712	Bahadur Shah I
1712 – 1713	Jahadar Shah
1713 – 1719	Farukhsiyar
1719 – 1748	Mohamad Shah
1739	Sirajudaula of Bengal** Hyderali and Tipu Sultan of Mysore**
1748 – 1754	Ahmed Shah
1754 – 1759	Aalamgiri II
1759 – 1806	Shah Aalam II
1806 – 1837	Akbar II
1837 – 1857	Bahadurshah Zafar

1510	Portugal (Goa)**

1500 – 1597

Rajasthan - Mevar Rana Sanga Vikram Udesinh Maha Rana Pratap Amarsinh Pratap

1674 – 1680	Maharashtra - Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
1680 – 1739	Peshvas of Pune Shinde of Gwalior Gaikwad of Baroda Holkar of Indore

1785 – 1846

Punjab - Raja Ranjitsinh X Gwar Govindsinh asked and developed Sikh rulers

1615	Tomas Raw got permission for business by East India Co.
1639	Started East India Co. at Surat and Madras.

1757 - 1760	Robert Clive
1760	Hoevel
1760 - 1765	Venci Tart
1765 - 1767	Clive
1767 - 1769	Verelest
1769 - 1773	Cartier

1773 - 1785	Waren Hosting
1785 - 1786	Sir John Maikfursen
1786 - 1793	Lord Cornwallis
1793 - 1798	Sir John Shor
1798 - 1805	Richard Waleslly
1805 - 1807	Lord Cornwallis
1807 - 1813	Al Of Minto
1813 - 1823	Lord Hosting
1823 - 1828	Lord Amherst
1828	William Waterbirth
1828 - 1833	Lord William Bentik

1833 - 1835	Lord William Bentik
1835 - 1836	Sir Charles Metcafe
1836 - 1842	Lord Auckland
1842 - 1844	Lord Allenbero
1844 - 1848	Sir Henrickharding
1848 - 1856	Lord Dalhousie
1856 - 1858	Lord Canning

1857	Viplav of 1857 (Freedom movement against British Rule) Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi
1885	Indian National Congress formed
1916	Muslim League started

1858 - 1862	Lord Canning
1862 - 1863	Lord Algin I
1863 - 1869	Sir John Lawrence
1869 - 1872	Lord Mayo
1872 - 1876	Lord Northbrook
1876 - 1880	Lord Liton
1880 - 1884	Lord Ripon
1884 - 1888	Lord Dufrene
1888 - 1894	Lord Lancedown
1894 - 1899	Lord Algin II
1899 - 1905	Lord Karzan
1905 - 1910	Lord Minto II
1910 - 1916	Lord Harding II
1916 - 1921	Lord Champsford
1921 - 1926	Lord Reading
1926 - 1931	Lord Ervin
1931 - 1936	Lord Willington
1936 - 1944	Lord Linlithong
1944 - 1947	Lord Vevel
March 1947 to June 1948	Lord Mount Beton

Summary:

30000 BC to 3300 BC	Stone Age
3300 BC to 1500 BC	Bronze Age
1500 BC onwards	Iron Age
1400 BC	Raja Bharat &  later Raja Dhratrastra	Hastinapur
1200 BC	Raja Dasaratha & later Raja Ram	Ayodhya
600 BC to 500 BC	Gautam Buddha & Bhagwan Mahavir
321 BC to 232 BC	Maurya Dynasty
100 BC to 500 BC	Shak (Alias Sithian)
56 BC	Vikramaditya
275 – 570	Gupta Dynasty
606	Harsh Vardhan
783 – 795	Gurjar Pratihar Dynasty
750 – 1130	Pal Dynasty
790 – 1019	Parmar Dynasty
1095 - 1205	Sen Dynasty	Bengal
1104 - 1194	Gadadval Dynasty	Varanasi
942 – 1178	Chalukya (Solanki) Dynasty	Patan (Gujarat)
996 – 1526	Afghan Dynasty
1336 - 1650	Vijaynagar State of Krishnadevrai	Vijaynagar (South India - Delhi)
1526 - 1858	Mughal Emperor
1500 - 1597	Rajput Dynasty (including Maharana Pratap)	Mevad (Rajasthan)
1630 - 1680	Maratha Emperors (Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj)	Maharashtra
1785 - 1846	Rana Sikh Dynasty (of Maharaj Ranjitsinh)	Punjab
1757 - 1947	British Rule	Calcutta and New Delhi

References:

My letter to my son Rahul on completion of studies.


Beloved Ravi,

When one is finalizing a job if options are available, what are the basic criteria?

1. Place: Country/city
2. Salary and probable increments
3. Advantage of learning and exposure to updating
4. Parents

Parents of today have become parents at a high cost of fertilization by IVF and what not. They cannot dream of a second child and so the only one (single) child, though not advisable, is the most precious child.

Now, all their expectations, ambitions, failures and frustrations are to be dreamt of on the said child. Because they cannot give enough time for the upbringing - so-called available time is spared for them as a quality time, because of a sense of guilt they have.

Every third person in the world is Christian. Meaning thereby, the highest number of people of any religion are Christians. So it is quite possible, you are dealing more often with a Christian than you think. With this in mind, here is a gentle effort to introduce the said religion.


I will divide this essay into three parts:

1. Introduction
2. Jesus Christ and
3. The Bible

With this article, I would like to tell you about three things: (1) the History of Islam and Muslims in India; then I will try to elaborate, specifically telling (2) What went wrong; and finally, I will conclude by telling (3) The future of relations amongst Muslims and Hindus.


Although it is routine to give references, in the end, I shall start with the list of three reference books in the beginning. All these details are not mine, I’ve only summarized them from these books.

1. "Miyan Ne Mahadev No Mel Padshe J Padshe” (Gujarati - “મિયાં ને મહાદેવ નો મેળ પડશે જ પડશે”) by Kanti Shah.
Published by Yaagna Prakasan Samiti, Hujaratpaga, Vadodara.
A Gujarati book. Title meaning “Muslims and Hindus will certainly unite…”.
Pages 80, Cost Rs. 30.

2. “Indian Muslims – Where They Have Gone Wrong” (English) by Rafiq Zakaria.
Published by Popular Prakasan and Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan.
Pages 620, Cost Rs 495.

3. “Rashtra Aur Musalman” (Hindi - “राष्ट्र और मुसलमान”) by Nasira Sharma.
Published by Kitabghar Prakasan.
Pages 263, Cost Rs. 250.

Muslim Statistics:

• 25% of the world’s total population are Muslims.
• India has more than 15 Crore (150 Million) Muslims, more than those in Pakistan.
• 50+ countries in the world have Muslim populations - Indonesia has the highest number, seconded by none but India.
• Of the total Muslim population, only 10% are rich; 10% are middle class and the rest 80% are poor.
• The sorry fact remains is most of them are poor, illiterate, backward, and deprived.

Islam:

• Only 1400 years back, Mohammad Paigambar established this religion. So the first Muslims are ones known as “Sunni” - believing in Mohammad Paigambar.
• After 300 years, Ali developed a revised form of Islam known as “Siya”. It has a touch of Aryan philosophy and is put forward in Iran.
• The religious book is Quran having 114 chapters with 6000 aayats. It was prepared by Mohammad Paigambar in 26 years.
• Allah sent 1,24,000 Rasuls with messages to guide them.
• Quran does not tell of marriage with more than one woman, nor allows divorce, and is not against family planning at all. This holy book does say about Burakha (Burqa). Muslims of Iraq follow all this.
• Afghan, Tartar, Pathans, and Mughals attacked India and did robbery for personal gain. It has nothing to do with Islam - the religion.

Muslim Rulers in India:

• Year 996 to 1526: Afghan dynasty
• 996 to 1186: Gajini dynasty with Mahmud Gajini and 11 others
• 1186 to 1206: Ghori Dynasty of Shabuddin alias Mohmad Ghori
• 1206 to 1288: Gulam Dynasty having Kutubuddin and other 9 to rule
• 1288 to 1321: Khilji Dynasty
• 1321 to 1412: Tughlak Dynasty having Mohammad Taghlak and other 7 kings
• 1414 to 1450: Saiyad Dynasty
• 1450 to 1526: Lodi Dynasty
• 1526 to 1857: Mughal Emperors (They were Babar, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shahjahan, Aurangzeb Bahadur Shah-I, and seven others, last on the list being Bahadur Shah Jafar.)

I know you were aware of most of the details I enlisted so far. Let me give the names of certain great Urdu shaayars (poets):

1. Amir Khushroo
2. Mirza Ghalib
3. Akbar Allahabadi and
4. Mohammad Iqbal (who wrote “Mazhab nahin sikhata, aapas me bair rakhana…”- meaning ‘Religion does not teach us to have animosity amongst each other’.)

Last in this list of lists, I’d like to add the names of some of the Muslim freedom fighters, because then immediately, I am going to ask “WHAT WENT WRONG”?

1. Badaruddin Taiyabji
2. Rahemtulla Sayani
3. Abbas Taiyabaji
4. Majrul Haq
5. Dr Ansari
6. Hakim Ajmal Khan
7. Khan Abdul Gafar Khan
8. Rafiqq Ahmad Kidwai
9. Allah Bax
10. Dr Zakir Hussein

So, what went wrong in India as regards Hindu-Muslim relations and why?

All Muslims are not Dawood or Osama-bin-Laden.
All Muslims are not terrorists, extremists, or Jihadis.
All Muslims are not rigid in relation to manners.
It is only a very small percentage of them that creates a bad impression and a bad image.

There are the following facts that damaged their look.

1. Mughal Empires: Certain Muslim rulers broke Hindu temples and destroyed the idols of God.
2. British Rule: In 1857, the first freedom struggle, English rulers observed great Hindu-Muslim unity and were shocked to see the brotherhood, they planned a “Divide and Rule” policy to rule easily. This led to the partition of India.
3. Mohammad Ali Jinnah: A person of Gujarati origin with no faith or any following of Islam, wrongfully stimulated the religious Muslims against Hindus leading to the partition of India into India-Pakistan. Pakistan was later divided into two, Pakistan—Bangladesh. So, the same Muslims of one India were separated into three countries having all the pains of partition and separation from brothers. The sorry fact is those going to their own brothers also hated telling Mujahir.
4. Politicians: Thanks to party politics with corrupted and selfish politicians, the fire did not settle between the two communities; more importantly, they did not allow any signal of unity and brotherhood to flourish.
5. Jihadis and Terrorists: Illiterate and poor Muslims were trained to fight in the name of religious Jihad, which ultimately made them terrorists – killing their brothers.

Future of Hindu-Muslim Relationship:

Having introduced the Muslims, and told them about what went wrong, I will conclude the article on this positive note:

India is the best home as was in the past for anybody and everybody, be it Muslim or Hindu. (In Hindi, Mohammad Iqbal said “Saare jahan se achchha Hindustan hamara…”.)
All Indians love each other in general, they do not want any quarrel on whatsoever ground be it religion or anything.
Muslims are going to stay in India. Then what is prudent?
To love them and live peacefully with them. (Otherwise?)

In fact, we have to learn from the Union of Europe and plan to make Asia one. In my opinion, the real terrorist is America ready to kill the whole world for selfish motives. We need to fight that, and not one another.

If you ask, what if we do not unite and continue fighting? Then we have to be ready for India-Pakistan war scenario in every village, town or city where two communities are staying separate, but not far away to kill each-other round the clock.

What do you say? I want you to tell me.

Thank the key people who made you what you are.

Prepare a list of first five persons who you think made you what you are, inform them and thank them. I am sure, you will not only have great pleasure and relaxation, but also a feeling you never experienced.

Now you know where to go for your problems.