Let’s first understand the word “history”.
- History is a social science with storytelling.
- History is discovery, collection and presentation of information about past events with its cause and effect.
- History is a record of past.
- Greek word ‘Historia’ means inquiry, judging and knowledge acquired by investigation.
- For learning history, it is compulsory to understand/know geography, economics and anthropology simultaneously.
1. Stone age: 30,000 BC to 3300 BC
2. Bronze age: 3300 BC to 1500 BC
3. Iron age: 1500 BC onwards.
So here’s the History of
India post-1500 BC, within my knowledge and research. The following
sections are quite detailed and may appeal more to readers with academic
interests. If you belong to the other side, I’d suggest you jump straight to Summary section.
1400 BC to 1300 BC
|
Raja Bharat was ruling India with Hastinapur as
capital.
His two sons Pandu having five sons - Pandavas and Dhrutarastra having 100 sons - Kauravas. |
1200 BC
|
Raja Dashratha and later his son Ram ruled India
with Ayodhya as its capital.
|
563 BC to 483 BC
|
Gautam Buddha established religion
"Buddha" leaving to rule and becoming a saint.
|
540 BC to 458 BC
|
Bhagwan Mahavir formed "Jain" religion.
|
327 BC
|
Sikandar (Alexandar - The great)
|
Maurya Dynasty
321
BC to 273 BC
Capital:
Magadh (Patna)
321 BC to 300 BC
|
Chandragupta Maurya
|
300 BC to 272 BC
|
Bindusar
|
273 BC to 232 BC
|
Ashok - the great
|
190 BC
|
Demetrius of Bektria won over India and ruled.
|
100 BC to 500 AD
|
Shak Rulers (alias - Sithian), Turk and Bektians
|
Gupta Dynasty
(275
- 570)
Capital:
Patliputra (Patna)
275
|
Shree Gupta
|
300 – 320
|
Ghototkach
|
320 – 330
|
Chandragupta I
|
330 – 340
|
Samdragupta
Ramgupta Chandragupta II (a/s Vikramaditya) |
341 – 455
|
Kumar Gupta
|
455 – 468
|
Skandgupta
|
469
|
Purugupta
Buddhagupta I Narsinh Gupta Kumar Gupta II Buddhagupta II |
Hun Rulers
(455
– 500)
Raja Torman
|
|
Raja Mihirgul
|
606
|
Harsh Vardhan (Capital: Kannauj)
|
Gurjar Pratihar Dynasty
606
|
Harsh Vardhan (Capital: Kannauj)
|
783 – 795
|
Vatsaraj
|
795 – 833
|
Nag Bhatt
|
833 – 836
|
Ram Bhatt
|
836 – 889
|
Mihir Bhoj (alias Bhoj I)
|
Pal Dynasty
750 – 770
|
Gopal I
|
770 – 810
|
Dharmapala
|
810 – 850
|
Devpal
Vigrahapal I Narayanpal Rajyapal Gopal II |
975
|
Jaipal (Capital: Lahore)
|
988
|
Vigrahapal II
|
988 - 1038
|
Nanopal I
|
1038 – 1055
|
Naipal
|
1055 – 1072
|
Vigrahalpal III
|
1073 – 1130
|
Rampal
|
790 – 1019
|
Parmar Dynasty
|
Chol Dynasty
(950-1044)
Capital:
Kaviripaddinam (South India)
Vijayalaya
|
|
Rajaram
|
|
Rajendra
|
Sen Dynasty (Bengal)
1095 – 1158
|
Vijay Sen
|
1158 – 1178
|
Vallal Sen
|
1178 – 1205
|
Laxman Sen
|
Gahadval Dynasty
(Capital:
Varanasi)
1104 – 1114
|
Raja Chaudradev
Raja Madanpal Raja Govindchandra |
1154 – 1170
|
Vijaychandra
|
1170 – 1194
|
Jaichand
|
Chalukya (Solanki) Dynasty
Capital:
Patan (Gujarat)
942 – 955
|
Mulraj I
|
997 – 1000
|
Chamundra
|
1000 – 1022
|
Durlabhraj
|
1022 – 1074
|
Bhimraj I
|
1094 – 1143
|
Siddhraj Jaisinh
|
1143 – 1173
|
Kumarpal
|
1173 – 1178
|
Mulraj II
|
Afghan Dynasty
(996
– 1526)
Gujani Dynasty
(996
– 1186)
996 – 1030
|
Mahmud Gijani
|
1030 – 1031
|
Mohamad
|
1031 – 1040
|
Masaud I
|
1040 – 1051
|
Maududi
|
1051 – 1052
|
Abdul Rashid
|
1052 – 1058
|
Fakarusad
|
1058 – 1098
|
Ibrahim
|
1098 – 1118
|
Masaud II
|
1118 – 1121
|
Arsalan
|
1121 – 1152
|
Bahram
|
1152 – 1159
|
Khusharn
|
1159 – 1186
|
Khusharn Malek
|
Ghori Dynasty
1186 – 1206
|
Shahabuddin a/s Mohmad Ghori
|
Gulam Dynasty
(1206
- 1290)
1206 – 1210
|
Kutumudin Aibak
|
1210 – 1211
|
Aaram Shah
|
1211 – 1236
|
Iltutmis
|
1236
|
Rukunudin Firozshah
|
1236 – 1240
|
Riziya Sultana
|
1240 – 1242
|
Behram Shah
|
1242 – 1246
|
Allahudin Masud Shah
|
1246 – 1265
|
Narisarudin Balbun
|
1265 – 1287
|
Gyasuddin Balban
|
1287 – 1290
|
Kaikubad
|
1290
|
Kayumars
|
Khilji Dynasty
(1290
- 1320)
1290 – 1296
|
Jalaluddin Firoz Khilji
|
1296 – 1316
|
Allaudin Khilji
|
1316
|
Shahabuddin Umar
|
1316 – 1320
|
Kutubbuddin Mubarak Khilji
|
1320
|
Nasruddin Khushro Shah
|
Tuglak Dynasty
(1320 - 1414)
1320 – 1325
|
Gyasuddin Tuglak
|
1325 – 1351
|
Muhammad Tuglak
|
1351 - 1388
|
Firoz Tuglak
|
1388 – 1389
|
Gyasuddin Tuglak II
|
1389 – 1390
|
Abu Bakra
|
1390 – 1394
|
Muhammad
|
1394 – 1395
|
Humayun
|
1395 – 1414
|
Nasruddin Muhammad
|
Saiyad Dynasty
(1414
- 1451)
1414 – 1421
|
Khrijra Khan
|
1421 – 1434
|
Mubarak Shah
|
1434 – 1445
|
Muhammad Shah
|
1445 – 1450
|
Allauddin Allam Shah
|
Lodi Dynasty
(1451
- 1526)
1451 – 1489
|
Bahlol Lodi
|
1489 – 1517
|
Sikander Lodi
|
1517 – 1526
|
Ibrahim Lodi
|
Vijaynagar
Capital:
Vijaynagar (South India)
1336 – 1485
|
Sangam Vansh
|
Harihar Bukka
|
1485 – 1505
|
Saluv Vansh
|
Narsinh Saluv
|
1505 – 1570
|
Tuluv Vansh
|
Vir Narsinh
|
1570 – 1650
|
Aravidu Vansh
|
Teerumalav
|
1336 – 1365
|
Harihar I
|
1365 – 1377
|
Bikkarai
|
1377 – 1404
|
Harihar II
|
1404 – 1406
|
Harihar II
|
1406 – 1410
|
Devrai I
|
1410 – 1419
|
Virvijay
|
1419 – 1446
|
Devrai II
|
1447 – 1467
|
Mallikarjun
|
1467 – 1478
|
Virupaxarai
|
1478 – 1486
|
Padirai
|
1486 – 1492
|
Narsinh Saluv
|
150 1516 – 1530
|
Krishnadev Rai
|
Mughal Dynasty
(1526
– 1857)
Capital:
Delhi
1526 – 1530
|
Babar
|
1530 – 1540
|
Humayun
|
1540 – 1555
|
Afghan Ruler Sherkhan (alias Shershah)**
|
1555 – 1556
|
Humayun
|
1556 – 1605
|
Akbar
|
1605 – 1627
|
Jahangir
|
1628 – 1658
|
Shah Jahan
|
1658 – 1707
|
Aurangzeb
|
1707 – 1712
|
Bahadur Shah I
|
1712 – 1713
|
Jahadar Shah
|
1713 – 1719
|
Farukhsiyar
|
1719 – 1748
|
Mohamad Shah
|
1739
|
Sirajudaula of Bengal**
Hyderali and Tipu Sultan of Mysore**
|
1748 – 1754
|
Ahmed Shah
|
1754 – 1759
|
Aalamgiri II
|
1759 – 1806
|
Shah Aalam II
|
1806 – 1837
|
Akbar II
|
1837 – 1857
|
Bahadurshah Zafar
|
1510
|
Portugal (Goa)**
|
**
= Non-Mughal Emperors
Rajput Dynasty
1500 – 1597
|
Rajasthan - Mevar
Rana Sanga Vikram Udesinh Maha Rana Pratap Amarsinh Pratap |
Maratha
(1674
– 1819)
1674 – 1680
|
Maharashtra - Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
|
1680 – 1739
|
Peshvas of Pune
Shinde of Gwalior Gaikwad of Baroda Holkar of Indore |
1785 – 1846
|
Punjab - Raja Ranjitsinh X
Gwar Govindsinh asked and developed Sikh rulers |
British who ruled India
1615
|
Tomas Raw got permission for business by East India
Co.
|
1639
|
Started East India Co. at Surat and Madras.
|
Governors of Bengal
1757 - 1760
|
Robert Clive
|
1760
|
Hoevel
|
1760 - 1765
|
Venci Tart
|
1765 - 1767
|
Clive
|
1767 - 1769
|
Verelest
|
1769 - 1773
|
Cartier
|
Governors of India
1773 - 1785
|
Waren Hosting
|
1785 - 1786
|
Sir John Maikfursen
|
1786 - 1793
|
Lord Cornwallis
|
1793 - 1798
|
Sir John Shor
|
1798 - 1805
|
Richard Waleslly
|
1805 - 1807
|
Lord Cornwallis
|
1807 - 1813
|
Al Of Minto
|
1813 - 1823
|
Lord Hosting
|
1823 - 1828
|
Lord Amherst
|
1828
|
William Waterbirth
|
1828 - 1833
|
Lord William Bentik
|
Governors Generals of India
1833 - 1835
|
Lord William Bentik
|
1835 - 1836
|
Sir Charles Metcafe
|
1836 - 1842
|
Lord Auckland
|
1842 - 1844
|
Lord Allenbero
|
1844 - 1848
|
Sir Henrickharding
|
1848 - 1856
|
Lord Dalhousie
|
1856 - 1858
|
Lord Canning
|
1857
|
Viplav of 1857 (Freedom movement against British
Rule)
Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi |
1885
|
Indian National Congress formed
|
1916
|
Muslim League started
|
Viceroys of India
1858 - 1862
|
Lord Canning
|
1862 - 1863
|
Lord Algin I
|
1863 - 1869
|
Sir John Lawrence
|
1869 - 1872
|
Lord Mayo
|
1872 - 1876
|
Lord Northbrook
|
1876 - 1880
|
Lord Liton
|
1880 - 1884
|
Lord Ripon
|
1884 - 1888
|
Lord Dufrene
|
1888 - 1894
|
Lord Lancedown
|
1894 - 1899
|
Lord Algin II
|
1899 - 1905
|
Lord Karzan
|
1905 - 1910
|
Lord Minto II
|
1910 - 1916
|
Lord Harding II
|
1916 - 1921
|
Lord Champsford
|
1921 - 1926
|
Lord Reading
|
1926 - 1931
|
Lord Ervin
|
1931 - 1936
|
Lord Willington
|
1936 - 1944
|
Lord Linlithong
|
1944 - 1947
|
Lord Vevel
|
March 1947 to June 1948
|
Lord Mount Beton
|
Summary:
30000 BC to 3300 BC
|
Stone Age
|
|
3300 BC to 1500 BC
|
Bronze Age
|
|
1500 BC onwards
|
Iron Age
|
|
1400 BC
|
Raja Bharat &
later Raja Dhratrastra
|
Hastinapur
|
1200 BC
|
Raja Dasaratha & later Raja Ram
|
Ayodhya
|
600 BC to 500 BC
|
Gautam Buddha & Bhagwan Mahavir
|
|
321 BC to 232 BC
|
Maurya Dynasty
|
|
100 BC to 500 BC
|
Shak (Alias Sithian)
|
|
56 BC
|
Vikramaditya
|
|
275 – 570
|
Gupta Dynasty
|
|
606
|
Harsh Vardhan
|
|
783 – 795
|
Gurjar Pratihar Dynasty
|
|
750 – 1130
|
Pal Dynasty
|
|
790 – 1019
|
Parmar Dynasty
|
|
1095 - 1205
|
Sen Dynasty
|
Bengal
|
1104 - 1194
|
Gadadval Dynasty
|
Varanasi
|
942 – 1178
|
Chalukya (Solanki) Dynasty
|
Patan (Gujarat)
|
996 – 1526
|
Afghan Dynasty
|
|
1336 - 1650
|
Vijaynagar State of Krishnadevrai
|
Vijaynagar (South India - Delhi)
|
1526 - 1858
|
Mughal Emperor
|
|
1500 - 1597
|
Rajput Dynasty (including Maharana Pratap)
|
Mevad (Rajasthan)
|
1630 - 1680
|
Maratha Emperors (Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj)
|
Maharashtra
|
1785 - 1846
|
Rana Sikh Dynasty (of Maharaj Ranjitsinh)
|
Punjab
|
1757 - 1947
|
British Rule
|
Calcutta and New Delhi
|
References:
- History of India by Suresh Shroff (2010) by Navbharat Sahitya Mandir, Ahmedabad
- History At A Glance - Swami Sachchidanand (1990) - Gujarat Prakashan, Ahmedabad
- Bharat Na Samrato (ભારતના સમ્રાટો) - Jitendra Patel (2011) Parshva Publication, Ahmedabad
- Brief History Of Wars In India. Swami Sachchidananda - Gurjar Publication, Ahmedabad
- Bharatkhand No Itihas Sar (ભારતખંડનો ઈતિહાસ સાર)
- Wikipedia.org
- World History (1956) – Jawaharlal Nehru, Navjivan Prakashak, Ahmedabad
It's a great compilation of Indian history and the timeline of the rulers (often invaders) as they happened. Brings back this great old topic of debate - haven't we always be slaves to, or ruled by one or the other Ruler/King/Community? If we choose to believe today that we're free and independent, what has really changed from how it has always been over the centuries? One thing I can say for sure, the "slavery" to the fairer skin and foreigners hasn't completely gone away from our minds as yet.
ReplyDeleteYou have rightly observed the real point...crux of the matter...We have learned to enjoy being the second citizen in our own country as slave or if less than that at least servants...under some or other ruler. To make us subordinate and rule us is not difficult at all, because we are mentally prepared to remain so. Otherwise how can Ghazini loot us more than sixteen times or say how can 1000-2000 Britishers make us their subordinate in just fifty years.
DeleteWe have traitors ready to sell our country for minor personnel gain and ready to allow dominance.
That makes us happy praising Nehru dynasty of Jawaharlal , Indira ,Rajiv , Sonia and Rahul Gandhi and respecting them for no reason. Our this nature make us enjoying US more than India. (I have summarised this in my article about what went wrong to India.)
I agree! I have read the article you're referring to: https://blog.drbharatdesai.com/2013/02/what-went-wrong-in-history-of-india.html
DeleteIt's the classic depiction of how nothing has changed much for a commoner in India - they remain suppressed, exploited and ruled by the powerful people - earlier the British, and later the pseudo-Indians! It's for us to wait and watch how the Modi-government turns these statistics around... I must say, the change is slow.
Yes.
DeleteHistory demands , we have to change from what we are to what we should be.
We have to develop habit of being honest and non-corrupt oneself. Selfishness and idleness are also important.
We have to grow self-esteem very high or slavery is certain to follow. We have to help ourselves. That is the need of hour.