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Buying A Camera? Here's My 2 Cents

Camera is an optical instrument used for photography.

We normally hear about, or find the below four types of cameras:
  1. Conventional with manual focus and picture-roll.
  2. Digital one without roll with most of the functions performed automatically.
  3. Video-camera having only video facility, also known as cine-camera and
  4. Camera in mobile-phones and hidden detective camera.
Because, I am not much interested in the history of the camera and since we’re talking about buying a camera ‘today’, let me mention the details regarding present day digital cameras with different functions. They can be categorized in two typical types:
  1. Simple Digital Camera: It is the cheapest one with practically all the functions set on auto mode. They are also known as point-and-shoot camera type. These are user friendly ones and can satisfy all general photography needs, plus these are very portable so easy to carry around.
  2. Digital SLR (D-SLR) Camera: Single lens reflex camera. These are referred to as ‘professional cameras’ and are bulky and costlier.
Irrespective of the size, configuration and customizing options, following are some of the features all present day camera are linked with:
  1. Shutter Speed: Amount of time for which the shutter (or the opening of the camera) remains open. This is normally measured in part of a second. Usual values are 5 seconds to 1/4000th of a second. In low light we need shutter to be open for longer duration so that more amount of light can fall on the sensor.
  2. Aperture: The hole or opening which allows light to fall on the sensor. It is given as F-stops, like F3.5, F4.5, F5 etc. It is ratio of the size of the opening. Smaller the number, more is the opening size.
  3. Zooming of lens and Shooting distance
  4. Focus Lock
  5. Frame: The contents of the given image of a ‘single exposure’ is termed frame.
  6. ISO: This is the light sensitivity of the film or the roll. In digital cameras this is controlled by the voltage of the cells of the camera sensor. Normal values are ISO 100, 200, 400, upto 6400 in latest cameras. For less light situations, ISO should be set to higher values.
  7. Sensor: This is the electronic component of digital cameras where the image is formed. The bigger the sensor, the better the pictures and also the cost increases.
Camera Care:

The camera of today is a precision instrument – any negligence will end in total irreparable loss of function. Before you buy a sensitive digital camera, you should be well aware of way of handling and maintaining a camera.
  1. Avoid fingerprints or dirt on lens, clean the lens immediately with soft cloth or lens cleaning soft tissue soaked in lens-cleaning solution.
  2. Wipe camera after use at seaside, desert or dusty area.
  3. Never attempt to repair a camera oneself.
  4. Take care of avoiding camera drop or intense shock exposure.
  5. Keep a spare battery and charger handy.
  6. Avoid keeping camera near hot place for long time like closed car in sunlight, sea-shore or desert.
  7. If you are not using camera for some time, remove batteries to avoid damage due to leakage.
Camera Cost:

The known companies related to camera are Nikon, Canon, Olympus, Sony, Pentax, Fujifilm, Panasonic and Casio.

Prices of camera in India, as on 25-04-2012, are as follows (in Indian Rupees):

Digital point-and-shoot camera:
  1. Fujifilm Fineplex L30 Digital                   INR 3999
  2. Canon Powershot A1200 Digital            INR 4360
  3. Nikon Coolpix Digital                             INR 5740
  4. Nikon Coolpix S8100                            INR 12198
Semi-SLR:
  1. Canon Powershot SX40                        INR 22305
  2. Nikon Coolpix SZ 10 Digital                  INR 13199
  3. Olympus SZ 10 Digital                           INR 13199
Digital SLR:
  1. Canon EOS 1100 D SLR                     INR 29090
  2. Canon EOS 555 DEF SLR                  INR 52285
  3. Canon 550 D SLR                               INR 334915
  4. Canon EOS 600 D SLR                       INR 65950
Camcorders:
  1. Sony DCR SX 45 E Handycam           INR 15969
  2. Terica MC-10                                     INR 3999
  3. Canon Legria HF R 205                      INR 19395
  4. Genius G Shot DV 505                        INR 4049
Now, you can plan for purchase of camera:
  1. Decide budget.
  2. Decide the purpose or need of photography.
  3. Find out your own level of expertise: Beginner, experienced or professional.
  4. For simple casual photos, 2 Mega-pixel camera can also do.
  5. For closeup needs, decide zoon level 3X, 4X etc.
  6. Check price of desired camera specifications on internet, market and different stores.
  7. Avoid purchasing from grey market.
  8. Get proper bill and warranty card duly filled with date and properly signed.
Special thanks to Kaushal Suthar for the evaluation and value-add to this article.


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      Thanks for response and appreciation.

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History Of Muslims In India: Hindu-Muslim Relations

With this article, I would like to tell you about three things: (1) the History of Islam and Muslims in India; then I will try to elaborate, specifically telling (2) What went wrong; and finally, I will conclude by telling (3) The future of relations amongst Muslims and Hindus. Although it is routine to give references, in the end, I shall start with the list of three reference books in the beginning. All these details are not mine, I’ve only summarized them from these books. 1. "Miyan Ne Mahadev No Mel Padshe J Padshe” (Gujarati - “āŠŪિāŠŊાં āŠĻે āŠŪāŠđાāŠĶેāŠĩ āŠĻો āŠŪેāŠģ āŠŠāŠĄāŠķે āŠœ āŠŠāŠĄāŠķે”) by Kanti Shah. Published by Yaagna Prakasan Samiti, Hujaratpaga, Vadodara. A Gujarati book. Title meaning “Muslims and Hindus will certainly unite…”. Pages 80, Cost Rs. 30. 2. “Indian Muslims – Where They Have Gone Wrong” (English) by Rafiq Zakaria. Published by Popular Prakasan and Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan. Pages 620, Cost Rs 495. 3. “Rashtra Aur Musalman” (Hindi - “āΰाāĪ·्āΟ्āΰ āĪ”āΰ āĪŪुāĪļāĪēāĪŪाāĪĻ”) by Nasira ...

āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪું (Will)

āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪું āŠāŠ• āŠēāŠ–ાāŠĢ (Document) āŠ›ે āŠœેāŠĻા āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠŪિāŠēāŠ•āŠĪāŠĻા āŠ­ાāŠ—āŠēા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŦેāŠ°āŠŽāŠĶāŠē (Transfer) āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻા āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુ āŠŽાāŠĶ āŠĻિāŠ°્āŠĶેāŠ·ીāŠĪ āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠĪિāŠ“ āŠ•ે āŠļંāŠļ્āŠĨાāŠĻે āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩાāŠŪાં āŠ†āŠĩે āŠ›ે. āŠ•ાāŠĻૂāŠĻી(Legal) āŠ°ીāŠĪે āŠŪાāŠĻ્āŠŊ āŠĶāŠļ્āŠĪાāŠĩેāŠœ-āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪું āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠŪિāŠēāŠ•āŠĪāŠĻી āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻા āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુ āŠŽાāŠĶ āŠĩāŠđેંāŠšāŠĢી āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪે āŠŪાāŠđિāŠĪી āŠ†āŠŠે āŠ›ે. āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪ āŠēāŠ–āŠĩાāŠĻો āŠđેāŠĪુ āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻું āŠŪāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ‡āŠš્āŠ›ાāŠĻે āŠļāŠ°āŠģāŠĪાāŠĨી āŠ•āŠđેāŠĩાāŠĻો āŠ›ે.  āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪું āŠŪિāŠēāŠ•āŠĪ āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĻાāŠ° āŠ•ોāŠˆāŠŠāŠĢ āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠĪિ āŠĩાāŠ°āŠļāŠĶાāŠ°ોāŠĻે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠˆāŠš્āŠ›ા āŠœāŠĢાāŠĩāŠĩા āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે  āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪ āŦ§āŦŪ āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·āŠĨી āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ°āŠĻો āŠŠુāŠ–્āŠĪ āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠ•્āŠĪિ (āŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ી āŠ•ે āŠŠુāŠ°ુāŠ·) āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે.  āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪ āŠēāŠ–āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠŪાāŠĻāŠļિāŠ• āŠđાāŠēāŠĪ āŠļ્āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĨ āŠđોāŠĩી āŠœોāŠˆāŠ.  āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪ āŠēāŠ–āŠĩાāŠĻી āŠļāŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°ી āŠāŠœāŠĻ્āŠļી āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠŪāŠĻાāŠˆ āŠĻ āŠŦāŠ°āŠŪાāŠĩેāŠē āŠđોāŠĩું āŠœોāŠˆāŠ. āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠŽેāŠŸ (Probate) Indian Succession Act, 1925 Section 2 āŠŪુāŠœāŠŽ āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠŽેāŠŸ āŠŊોāŠ—્āŠŊ āŠĻ્āŠŊાāŠŊાāŠēāŠŊ āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠĩāŠļિāŠŊāŠĪāŠĻાāŠŪાāŠĻી āŠ•ાāŠŊāŠĶેāŠļāŠ°(Legation) āŠļāŠš્āŠšાāŠˆ(Correction) āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŪાāŠĢિāŠ•āŠĪાāŠĻી(Genuineness) āŠ–ાāŠĪāŠ°ી āŠ†āŠŠāŠĪો āŠđુāŠ•āŠŪ (Decree) āŠ›ે āŠŠāŠķ્āŠšિāŠŪ āŠŽંāŠ—ાāŠģ, āŠŽિāŠđાāŠ°, āŠ“āŠ°િāŠļ્āŠļા, āŠ†āŠļાāŠŪ āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ°ાંāŠĪ āŠĶિāŠē્āŠđી, āŠŪુંāŠŽāŠˆ, āŠ…āŠĻે āŠšેāŠĻ્āŠĻāŠˆ āŠĻો āŠŪ્āŠŊુāŠĻિāŠļિāŠŠāŠē āŠ•ોāŠ°્āŠŠોāŠ°ેāŠķāŠĻ āŠđāŠĶ āŠĻા āŠ°āŠđેāŠĩાāŠļીāŠ“ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠŽેāŠŸ āŠŦāŠ°āŠœિāŠŊાāŠĪ āŠ›ે āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુāŠĻા āŠļાāŠĪ āŠĶિāŠĩāŠļ āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠŠ્āŠ°ોāŠŽેāŠŸ āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ…āŠ°āŠœી āŠĨāŠˆ āŠķāŠ•ે āŠ›ે. Indian Succession ...

āŠ…ંāŠ—āŠĶāŠĻો āŠŠāŠ— - āŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ• āŠŠāŠ°િāŠšāŠŊ

āŠāŠ• āŠœ āŠŽેāŠ āŠ•āŠŪાં āŠ•ે āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠļāŠģંāŠ— āŠĩાંāŠšāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠ‰āŠĪ્āŠ•ંāŠ ા āŠœાāŠ—ે āŠāŠĩી āŠ† āŠĻāŠĩāŠēāŠ•āŠĨાāŠĻો āŠŠāŠ°િāŠšāŠŊ āŠ•āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĩાāŠĻો āŠĻāŠŪ્āŠ° āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŊાāŠļ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠ–ૂāŠŽ āŠ†āŠĻંāŠĶ āŠĨાāŠŊ āŠ›ે.  āŠ­ુāŠœ āŠ°āŠđેāŠĪા, āŠđાāŠē 74 āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·ીāŠŊ, āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢાં āŠēેāŠ–āŠ• āŠķ્āŠ°ી āŠđāŠ°ેāŠķ āŠ§ોāŠģāŠ•િāŠŊા āŠœિંāŠĶāŠ—ીāŠĻા 25 āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ· āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢāŠ•ાāŠ°્āŠŊ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪાં āŠđāŠĪા. āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ†āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķ āŠķિāŠ•્āŠ·āŠ•āŠĻા āŠāŠ• āŠēāŠ•્āŠ·āŠĢ āŠĪāŠ°ીāŠ•ે āŠŠુāŠļ્āŠĪāŠ•ો āŠĩાંāŠšāŠĩાāŠĻી āŠļāŠ°āŠļ āŠŸેāŠĩ āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĪા āŠđāŠĪા. āŠĪે āŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĢે 1945 āŠŪાં āŠēāŠ–ાāŠŊેāŠē 1930 āŠĻી āŠ•āŠĨાāŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪુ āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĪી āŠēેāŠ–િāŠ•ા āŠˆāŠŊાāŠĻ āŠđેāŠĻ્āŠĄ āŠĶ્āŠĩાāŠ°ા āŠēિāŠ–િāŠĪ āŠŽે āŠĻāŠĩāŠēāŠ•āŠĨાāŠ“ āŠĩાંāŠšે āŠ›ે - 700+ āŠŠાāŠĻાંāŠĻી Fountain Head (āŠŦાāŠ‰āŠĻ્āŠŸāŠĻ āŠđેāŠĄ) āŠļાāŠĪ-āŠļાāŠĪ āŠĩાāŠ° āŠļāŠģંāŠ— āŠĩાંāŠšી āŠĪો 1150+ āŠŠાāŠĻાં āŠ§āŠ°ાāŠĩāŠĪી Atlas Shrugged (āŠāŠŸāŠēાāŠļ āŠķ્āŠ°āŠ—્āŠĄ) āŠŠāŠĢ āŠļāŠģંāŠ— āŠ…āŠĩાāŠ°āŠĻāŠĩાāŠ° āŠĩાંāŠšી. 1988āŠĻા āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·ે āŠĨāŠŊેāŠē āŠ† āŠ…āŠ•āŠļ્āŠŪાāŠĪ(!) āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠĻāŠĩāŠēāŠ•āŠĨાāŠĻું āŠœāŠĻ્āŠŪāŠļ્āŠĨાāŠĻ āŠ›ે.  āŠŦાāŠ‰āŠĻ્āŠŸāŠĻ āŠđેāŠĄ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠāŠŸāŠēાāŠļ āŠķ્āŠ°āŠ—્āŠĄ āŠĻāŠĩāŠēāŠ•āŠĨાāŠ“ āŠ°āŠķિāŠŊāŠĻ āŠēેāŠ–િāŠ•ા āŠˆāŠŊાāŠĻ āŠđેāŠĻ્āŠĄે āŠ…āŠŪેāŠ°િāŠ•ા āŠœāŠˆāŠĻે āŠēāŠ–ી āŠ›ે āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŽāŠĻ્āŠĻેāŠĻી 64 āŠēાāŠ– āŠĨી āŠĩāŠ§ુ āŠĻāŠ•āŠēો āŠĩિāŠķ્āŠĩāŠ­āŠ°āŠŪાં āŠĩંāŠšાāŠŊ āŠšૂāŠ•ી āŠ›ે. āŠŽāŠĻ્āŠĻે āŠŪાં āŠēેāŠ–āŠ•āŠĻે “āŠŪાāŠĻāŠĩ āŠķ્āŠ°ેāŠ·્āŠ āŠĪ્āŠĩ” āŠĻા āŠ…āŠĶ્āŠĶāŠ­ૂāŠĪ āŠĶāŠ°્āŠķāŠĻ āŠĨāŠŊા āŠ›ે. āŠ† āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ°ાંāŠĪ āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠĪિāŠ­ાāŠķાāŠģી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļાāŠŪાāŠĻ્āŠŊ (First Raters and Second Raters)āŠĻું āŠĪેāŠŪાં āŠĨāŠŊેāŠēાં āŠĩāŠ°્āŠĢāŠĻ āŠĪેāŠŪāŠĢે āŠ†āŠĪ્āŠŪāŠķાāŠĪ āŠ•āŠ°્āŠŊું āŠ›ે.  āŠŠāŠđેāŠēા āŠēેāŠ–āŠ•āŠķ્āŠ°ીāŠĻા āŠŪિāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠķ્āŠ°ી āŠļુāŠ°ેāŠķāŠ­ાāŠˆ āŠŠāŠ°ીāŠ–ે āŠāŠŸāŠēાāŠļ āŠķ્āŠ°āŠ—્āŠĄāŠĻું āŠ­ાāŠ·ાંāŠĪāŠ° āŠ•āŠ°āŠĩા āŠļૂāŠšāŠĩ્āŠŊું. āŠĪ્āŠŊાāŠ° āŠŠāŠ›ી...

āŠ†āŠĶિāŠ•āŠĩિ āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪા

āŠļૌāŠ°ાāŠ·્āŠŸ્āŠ° āŠāŠŸāŠēે āŠĩીāŠ°ો āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļંāŠĪોāŠĻી āŠ­ૂāŠŪિ, āŠĪેāŠĻું āŠĻાāŠ—āŠ°ીāŠ°āŠĪ્āŠĻ āŠœુāŠĻાāŠ—āŠĒāŠĻિāŠĩાāŠļી āŠ—ૃāŠđāŠļ્āŠĨ āŠ—િāŠ°āŠĻાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠŠંāŠšાāŠˆāŠĻા āŠ•āŠĩિ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ­āŠ•્āŠĪ āŠĪે āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪા! āŠŪીāŠ°ા, āŠ•āŠŽીāŠ° āŠ•ે āŠĪુāŠēāŠļીāŠĶાāŠļ āŠœેāŠĩો āŠ­āŠ•્āŠĪāŠ•āŠĩિ āŠŠāŠ°āŠŪ āŠļંāŠĪ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ—ુāŠœāŠ°ાāŠĪી āŠļાāŠđિāŠĪ્āŠŊāŠĻો āŠŪāŠđાāŠĻ āŠļāŠ•્āŠ·āŠŪ āŠ•āŠĩિ āŠĪે āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢો āŠĻāŠ°āŠļૈāŠŊો . āŠļાāŠĶાāŠˆ, āŠļāŠ°āŠģāŠĪા, āŠŽેāŠŦિāŠ•āŠ°āŠŠāŠĢું āŠœેāŠĩા āŠ—ુāŠĢો āŠļાāŠĨે āŠĻાāŠ—āŠ°ોāŠĻી āŠŸીāŠ•ાāŠĻે āŠ…āŠĩāŠ—āŠĢી āŠđāŠ°િāŠœāŠĻો āŠĩāŠš્āŠšે āŠŽેāŠļી āŠ­āŠœāŠĻો āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠ­ોāŠœāŠĻ āŠ•āŠ°āŠĪા āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪા āŠ…āŠļ્āŠŠૃāŠķ્āŠŊāŠĪા āŠ†āŠ­āŠĄāŠ›ેāŠĄāŠĻા āŠŠાંāŠš āŠķāŠĪāŠ• āŠŠāŠđેāŠēાંāŠĻા āŠļāŠŪાāŠœāŠŪાં āŠ•āŠē્āŠŠāŠĩું āŠŪુāŠķ્āŠ•ેāŠē āŠ›ે. āŠđāŠ°િāŠœāŠĻ āŠ‰āŠĶ્āŠ§ાāŠ° āŠ•ે āŠāŠĩી āŠ•ોāŠˆ āŠŪોāŠŸાāŠˆ āŠĩāŠ—āŠ° āŠ‰āŠš્āŠšāŠĻીāŠšāŠĻા āŠĩાāŠĄા āŠ­ેāŠĶી āŠđāŠģāŠĩું āŠŪāŠģāŠĩું āŠœેāŠĩું āŠ–ૂāŠŽ āŠđિંāŠŪāŠĪ āŠĻું āŠ•ાāŠŪ āŠĪેāŠ“ āŠœ āŠ•āŠ°ી āŠķāŠ•ે āŠļંāŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĢ āŠķāŠ°āŠĢાāŠ—āŠĪિ (Total Surrender) āŠ•ે āŠŠāŠ›ી āŠļાāŠ•્āŠ·ીāŠ­ાāŠĩ (Be Witness) āŠœેāŠĩા āŠ—ીāŠĪાāŠĻા āŠ‰āŠŠāŠĶેāŠķો āŠ†āŠĪ્āŠŪāŠļાāŠĪ āŠ•āŠ°ેāŠēા āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢા āŠŪāŠđાāŠĻ āŠ•ૃāŠ·્āŠĢāŠ­āŠ•્āŠĪ āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪાāŠĻે āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠķંāŠķાāŠĻા āŠķāŠŽ્āŠĶો āŠŪāŠģāŠĪા āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠ•ૃāŠ·્āŠĢ āŠ­āŠ•્āŠĪિ-āŠ­āŠœāŠĻ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļંāŠļાāŠ°āŠĻી āŠļાંāŠļાāŠ°ીāŠ• āŠŽાāŠŽāŠĪોāŠŪાં āŠļંāŠŠૂāŠ°્āŠĢ āŠĻāŠšિંāŠĪāŠŠાāŠĢુંāŠļāŠŪāŠœāŠĩું āŠļāŠđેāŠēું āŠĻāŠĨી. āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠķાāŠŪāŠģāŠķાāŠĻો āŠĩિāŠĩાāŠđ, āŠĶીāŠ•āŠ°ી āŠ•ુંāŠĩāŠ°āŠŽાāŠˆāŠĻું āŠŪાāŠŪેāŠ°ુ, āŠđૂંāŠĄી āŠēāŠ–ી āŠļ્āŠĩીāŠ•ાāŠ°āŠĻીāŠ†āŠķા āŠ°ાāŠ–āŠĩી, āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠķાāŠŪāŠģāŠķા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠāŠĪ્āŠĻી āŠŪાāŠĢેāŠ•āŠŽાāŠˆāŠĻા āŠŪૃāŠĪ્āŠŊુ āŠļāŠŪāŠŊે āŠĩિāŠ°āŠ•્āŠĪāŠ­ાāŠĩāŠĻાāŠĨી “āŠ­āŠēું āŠĨāŠŊું āŠ­ાંāŠ—ી āŠœંāŠœાāŠģ” āŠ—ાāŠĪા āŠĻāŠ°āŠļિંāŠđ āŠŪāŠđેāŠĪા āŠ•āŠē્āŠŠāŠĩા āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļāŠŪāŠœāŠĩા āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢે āŠŠāŠĢ āŠ–ૂāŠŽ āŠŠંāŠšી āŠŪાāŠĻāŠļિāŠ• āŠļ્āŠĨિāŠĪિāŠ āŠŠāŠđોંāŠšāŠĩું āŠŠāŠĄે. āŠ†āŠŠāŠĢી āŠļૌ...

Dawood Ibrahim - A Journey From Dongri To Karachi, Via Dubai

One of the recent off-bit topics I’ve read, this one book about ‘Mumbai Mafia’ has been the most interesting, well-researched and well-written. Here is an excerpt from Dawood Ibrahim's journey from “Dongri to Dubai”, and the six decades of Mumbai mafia.

āŠŪા āŠŽાāŠŠ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩāŠ°િāŠ·્āŠ  āŠĻાāŠ—āŠ°િāŠ•ોāŠĻા āŠ­āŠ°āŠĢāŠŠોāŠ·āŠĢ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļાāŠ°ા āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠŪાāŠŸેāŠĻો āŠ•ાāŠŊāŠĶો, āŦĻāŦĶāŦĶāŦ­

Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 āŠŪા āŠŽાāŠŠ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩāŠ°િāŠ·્āŠ  āŠĻાāŠ—āŠ°િāŠ•ોāŠĻા āŠ­āŠ°āŠĢāŠŠોāŠ·āŠĢ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠļાāŠ°ા āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ āŠŪાāŠŸેāŠĻો āŠ•ાāŠŊāŠĶો, āŦĻāŦĶāŦĶāŦ­  āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠŪાં āŠ°āŠđેāŠĪા, āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠĻા āŠĩāŠ°િāŠ·્āŠ  āŠĻાāŠ—āŠ°િāŠ•ોāŠĻા āŠđāŠ•્āŠ•ો āŠŪાāŠŸે, āŦĻāŦĶāŦĶāŦ­ āŠŪાં āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪ āŠļāŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°ે āŠŽāŠĻાāŠĩેāŠē āŠ•ાāŠŊāŠĶો.  I. āŠĩ્āŠŊાāŠ–્āŠŊાāŠ“āŠĻી āŠļāŠŪāŠœૂāŠĪી   āŠŽાāŠģāŠ•ો (Children): āŠŠુāŠ–્āŠĪ āŠĩāŠŊāŠĻા āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°, āŠŠુāŠĪ્āŠ°ી, āŠŠૌāŠĪ્āŠ° āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŠૌāŠĪ્āŠ°ી  āŠ­āŠ°āŠĢāŠŠોāŠ·āŠĢ (Maintenance): āŠ–ોāŠ°ાāŠ•, āŠ•āŠŠāŠĄાં, āŠ°āŠđેāŠ ાāŠĢ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŪાંāŠĶāŠ—ીāŠŪાં āŠđાāŠœāŠ° āŠ°āŠđી āŠļાāŠ°āŠĩાāŠ°.  āŠŪા-āŠŽાāŠŠ (Parents): āŠ–āŠ°ા āŠŪૂāŠģ āŠŪા-āŠŽાāŠŠ āŠ•ે āŠļાāŠĩāŠ•ા āŠŪાāŠŽાāŠŠ  āŠŪિāŠēāŠ•āŠĪ (Wealth, Property) : āŠĶāŠ°ેāŠ• āŠœાāŠĪāŠĻી āŠŪિāŠēāŠ•āŠĪો āŠŠોāŠĪાāŠĻી, āŠĩાāŠ°āŠļાāŠ—āŠĪ, āŠļ્āŠĨાāŠŊી āŠ•ે āŠ…āŠļ્āŠĨાāŠŊી (movable or immovable)  āŠļāŠ—ા (Relatives): āŠŽાāŠģāŠ• āŠĩāŠ—āŠ°āŠĻા āŠŪા āŠŽાāŠŠāŠĻા āŠ•ાāŠŊāŠĶેāŠļāŠ°āŠĻા āŠĩાāŠ°āŠļāŠĶાāŠ°ો (Legal heirs)  āŠĩāŠ°િāŠ·્āŠ  āŠĻાāŠ—āŠ°િāŠ• (Senior Citizen): āŦŽāŦĶ āŠĩāŠ°્āŠ·āŠĨી āŠ‰āŠŠāŠ°āŠĻા āŠ­ાāŠ°āŠĪāŠĻા āŠĻાāŠ—āŠ°િāŠ•ો  āŠļાāŠ°ું āŠœીāŠĩāŠĻ (Welfare): āŠ–ોāŠ°ાāŠ•āŠĻી āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠĩāŠļ્āŠĨા,āŠ†āŠ°ોāŠ—્āŠŊāŠĻે āŠēāŠ—āŠĪી āŠ•ાāŠģāŠœી āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩāŠ°િāŠ·્āŠ  āŠĻાāŠ—āŠ°િāŠ•āŠĻી āŠĩāŠļ્āŠĪ્āŠ°ો, āŠ†āŠĻંāŠĶ-āŠŠ્āŠ°āŠŪોāŠĶ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠŽીāŠœી āŠœāŠ°ૂāŠ°ીāŠŊાāŠĪો.  āŠļāŠŪિāŠĪિ (Tribunal): āŠ•āŠēāŠŪ āŦ­ āŠŪુāŠœāŠŽ āŠ­āŠ°āŠĢāŠŠોāŠ·āŠĢāŠĻી āŠĩ્āŠŊāŠĩāŠļ્āŠĨા āŠŪાāŠŸે āŠ°āŠšાāŠŊેāŠēી āŠļāŠ°āŠ•ાāŠ°ી āŠļāŠŪિāŠĪિ.  II. Maintenance of Parents and Senior Citizens āŠŪાં-āŠŽાāŠŠ āŠ…āŠĻે āŠĩāŠ°િāŠ·્āŠ  āŠĻાāŠ—āŠ°િāŠ•ોāŠĻુ...

Computer and Eye

Use of computer is unavoidable in day to day life of an individual dealing with IT industry and such other professions. It is not a safe thing to go using computer carelessly. Then What? The answer to such questions follows. Our science tells following 10 rules to be taken care of.